Data mining is the process of extracting patterns from data. Data mining is becoming an increasingly important tool to transform the data into information. It is commonly used in a wide range of profiling practices, such as marketing, surveillance, fraud detection and scientific discovery. Data mining can be applied on a variety of data types. Data types include structured data (relational), multimedia data, free text, and hypertext. Nowadays, text is the most common and convenient way for information exchange. This due to the fact that much of the world’s data is contained in text documents (newspaper articles, emails, literature, web pages, etc.). The importance of this way has led many researchers to find out suitable methods to analyze natural language texts to extract the important and useful information. In comparison with data stored in structured format (databases), texts stored in documents is unstructured and to deal with such data, a Continue reading
Information Systems Management
Understanding Different Eras of Data Analytics
Back in the 1950’s and 1970’s, the role of information systems (IS) was to support operational functions within the organization. IS was primarily used in transaction applications, involving accounting transactions. The focus was on IS efficiency and IS effectiveness. With the advent of internet and as information technology (IT) advanced over time, the methods to assess the data and the amount that could be processed increased significantly. Data became more quickly accessible and could be processed at greater speeds. This assisted organizations and managers to report and run data more effectively. Information systems have helped organizations improve their decision making process and help managers reduce the risk involved. The way in which Data Analytics field has evolved in terms of capabilities and volume is of significance. Analytics has evolved and has been perceived differently across different periods in time or eras. ANALYTICS 1.0 – THE ERA OF BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE AND TRADITIONAL Continue reading
An Introduction to Computer Forensics
Forensic auditing deals with an extensive range of analytical work that is performed by expert accountants. This line of work typically involves an examination of the financial affairs of a company and is frequently connected with scrutinizing fraudulent activity. Forensic auditing consists of the entire investigation process, including having the investigator serve as an expert witness in a trial. Forensic accountants are even qualified to look into situations that are not fraud-related. These might include the settling of fiscal issues of a business or disputes between insurance claims. The forensic investigation encompasses the necessary steps taken to collect evidence in a suspected fraud case. The forensic audit is comparable to a financial audit, where a planning stage, an evidence gathering phase, a review procedure, and a client report, are implemented. The auditor uses a variety of audit techniques to recognize and assemble evidence. The auditor may want to find proof Continue reading
An Introduction to E-Services
E-services are important in B2C e-commerce for managing customer relations and enhancing sales. Rapidly advancement of technology such as wireless, broadband, smart cards, data warehousing, data mining and agent technologies, are contribute toward the effective accessibility and servicing of the correctly targeted customers for business while providing more choices, options and ultimately power to customers in their transactions with business. Further e-service provides a new business paradigm for the organizations operating in the electronic environment. There are three primary reasons for firms to develop e-services. Firstly, margin, consumer acquisition and service costs are generally much lower in an online medium versus that in an offline medium. Secondly, e-service inexpensively and effectively delivers high-quality, timely and in-depth product information desired by consumers. E-services also provide consumers with benefits such as better price quality comparisons and customized search processes based on criteria of importance. Finally, the use of e-services enables firms to Continue reading
The Difference Between Traditional File Systems and DBMS
Traditional File Systems File-based systems were an early attempt to computerize the manual filing system. File-based system is a collection of application programs that perform services for the end-users, such as updating, insertion, deletion adding new files to database etc. Each program defines and manages its data. When a computer user wants to store data electronically they must do so by placing data in files. Files are stored in specific locations on the hard disk (directories). The user can create new files to place data in, delete a file that contains data, rename the file, etc which is known as file management; a function provided by the Operating System (OS). Database Management System The improvement of the File-Based System (FBS) was the Database Management System (DBMS) which came up in the 60’s. (DBMS) consists of software that operates databases, providing storage, access, security, backup and other facilities. This system can Continue reading
Reasoning in Artificial Intelligence
The reasoning is deemed as the key logical element that provides the ability for human interaction in a given social environment. The key aspect associated with reasoning is the fact that the perception of a given individual is based on the reasons derived from the facts that relative to the environment as interpreted by the individual involved. This makes it clear that in a computational environment involving electronic devices or machines, the ability of the machine to deliver a given reason depends on the extent to which the social environment is quantified as logical conclusions with the help of a reason or combination of reasons. The major aspect associated with reasoning is that in the case of human reasoning the reasoning is accompanied by introspection which allows the individual to interpret the reason through self-observation and reporting of consciousness. This naturally provides the ability to develop resilience to exceptional situations Continue reading