Current breakthroughs in information technology have enabled the worldwide usage of distributed computing systems, leading to decentralize management of information. This has been supported by and has become inflamed great competition in business through faster and more precise data storage and retrieval and information processing. A number of organizations have accomplished high efficiency, comprising ease of use and lesser costs in operations by adopting a client/server computing structure. Furthermore, system integration and interoperability issues are being intensified as institutions and organizations are moving from mainframe based processes towards an open, distributed computing environment, and this situation is pressing corporations into an accelerated construction of extensive distributed systems for operational use. Technological transformations are at this point is happening and accelerating very fast that it may increase the computational power just same as the creation of desktop and personal computers did. Soon a lot of demanding computer applications will no longer Continue reading
Information Systems Management
Case Study on Information Systems: Integrated Customer Ordering Service at Marks & Spencer
Marks and Spencer is one of the leading retail organizations in UK which sell stylish, quality and great value clothing and home products , also quality food. They are one of the most popular brand among people not only in UK but globally. They have more than 600 stores in UK and constantly increasing many more around the world. It was founded when in 1884, Michael Marks opened a stall at Leeds Kirkgate Market. In 1901, its first registered store was located at Derby street, Manchester. By 1924 they started expanding and the head office moved from Manchester to London. Implementation of new policies and maintenance of services and value kept on adding to the success of Marks and Spencer. In 1998, it became the first retailer to earn a profit of £1 billion. The organisation commonly called as M&S has always followed the principles of Quality, Value, Service, Innovation Continue reading
Protocols used for Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
Voice over Internet Protocol known as VoIP is a relatively new technology whose transmission is based on Packet Switched Networks. It allows making voice calls over the internet broadband connections instead of the using conventional PSTN landlines. It allows calling on another computer and as well as other telephone numbers and mobiles. It therefore provides all the services like a telephone with the addition of some other facilities due to the internet media. VoIP services can be seen as the commercial realization of the Network Voice Protocol which came into being in 1973. VoIP services are increasing at an exponential rate due to the low cost calls. It only requires the setup of the data network transmissions and the call services can be used on this data network which lowers the cost of the VoIP calls very low as compared to other services. The development of standards or ‘protocol’ for Continue reading
Different Types of Information Systems Used in Different Levels of Management
Information system means by which people and organizations utilize technologies, collect, store use and distribute information. Good information system is used to provide important information for decision making. The information technology may be used for the processing, storing or distribution of data. These technologies collectively include information technology and data. It is an organized combination of people, hardware, software, communications networks, and data resources that stores and retrieves, transform and disseminate information in an organization. Very main functions of information systems is systems analysis and design, that is to say, analyzing a customer’s business condition (or trouble), with deference towards information processing, and designing and implementing an suitable–generally computerized–solution to the difficulty. Information systems professionals who focus in this part are known as systems analysts. The procedure begins with a complete determination of the client’s information needs and business processes. The result normally involves various programming, in addition to the Continue reading
Data Warehouse Architecture – Concept and Models
According to William Inmon, data warehouse is a subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant, and non-volatile collection of data in support of the management’s decision-making process. Data warehouse is a database containing data that usually represents the business history of an organization. This historical data is used for analysis that supports business decisions at many levels, from strategic planning to performance evaluation of a discrete organizational unit. It provides an effective integration of operational databases into an environment that enables strategic use of data. These technologies include relational and MDDB management systems, client/server architecture, meta-data modelling and repositories, graphical user interface and much more. The emergence of cross discipline domain such as knowledge management in finance, health and e-commerce have proved that vast amount of data need to be analyzed. The evolution of data in data warehouse can provide multiple dataset dimensions to solve various problems. Thus, critical decision making process of this dataset Continue reading
What is Enterprise Architecture (EA)?
The Evolution of Enterprise Architecture (EA) Enterprise Architecture evolution began as an idea in 1980 and was embodied in John Zachman’s early EA framework. Thus, informing the reference to John Zachman, as the father of EA. The evolution of Enterprise architecture was to address the increasing complexity of IT systems and difficulty of delivering business value using those systems. Enterprise architecture is characterized by a framework that supports the alignment of business and IT strategy. It was first defined in 1992 by Zachman and Sowa, resulting in its reference as the Zachman framework. It was then referred to as Information System Architecture but later changed in reference, to enterprise architecture in 1996 when Clinger-Cohen Act of the U.S. government directed all federal agencies to implement a holistic approach to incorporate IT to their business goals. Interest in adopting Enterprise architecture has increased as a result, as both government and private Continue reading