In today’s business world, environmental issues plays an important role in marketing. All most all the governments around the world have concerned about green marketing activities that they have attempted to regulate them. Many people believe that green marketing refers solely to the promotion or advertising of products with environmental characteristics. Generally terms like Phosphate Free, Recyclable, Refillable, Ozone Friendly, and Environmentally Friendly are some of the things consumers most often associate with green marketing. In general green marketing is a much broader concept, one that can be applied to consumer goods, industrial goods and even services. For example, around the world there are resorts that are beginning to promote themselves as “ecotourism” facilities, i.e., facilities that specialize in experiencing nature or operating in a fashion that minimizes their environmental impact. Thus green marketing incorporates a broad range of activities, including product modification, changes to the production process, packaging changes, Continue reading
Marketing Management
Marketing management combines the fields of marketing and management. Marketing consists of discovering consumer needs and wants, creating the goods and services that meet those needs and wants; and pricing, promoting, and delivering those goods and services. Doing so requires attention to six major areas – markets, products, prices, places, promotion, and people. Management is getting things done through other people. Managers engage in five key activities – planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Marketing management implies the integration of these concepts.
Product Oriented vs Market Oriented Marketing
Marketing can be characterized as the organization fulfilling client and market needs by creating value through communicating and working with client. Different businesses have different types of marketing strategies. Business can develop new products considering either a market orientated or a product orientated approach as it attracts customers by satisfying their needs and demands rather than trying to push buyers with sales. In today’s competitive world it is vital for a business to carry out a thorough market research before implementing any strategy. This article will revolve around two strategies – market and product orientation along with its importance and leading factors that must be overlooked before making any decision. A market orientated approach means that a business responds to what clients need. The choices are taken based around data about the clients’ needs and wants, instead of what the business believes is appropriate for the customer. An organization which Continue reading
Underdog Strategy in Business
An underdog strategy involves a small and, usually, young firm taking on a much larger competitor. It is often employed by an upstart company that doesn’t hesitate to get into a fight with much bigger opponents in order to break their monopoly and offer the market better products, lower prices, or both. The underdog enters a market dominated by established players that are portrayed as being somewhat bureaucratic, complacent, and unresponsive to customer needs. Firms following underdog strategy promise to offer an attractive alternative to what customers have been buying. Southwest Airlines, in its early years, is an example of a company that became an underdog in its fight against established competitors, as it offered the traveling public highly attractive prices and superior value. Southwest was ready to begin operations in 1967 but could not do so until 1971 due to time-consuming court battles initiated by Braniff and Texas International Continue reading
Nicosia Model of Consumer Behavior
Nicosia Model of Consumer Behavior was developed in 1966, by Professor Francesco M. Nicosia, an expert in consumer motivation and behavior. This model focuses on the relationship between the firm and its potential consumers. The model suggests that messages from the firm (advertisements) first influences the predisposition of the consumer towards the product or service. Based on the situation, the consumer will have a certain attitude towards the product. This may result in a search for the product or an evaluation of the product attributes by the consumer. If the above step satisfies the consumer, it may result in a positive response, with a decision to buy the product otherwise the reverse may occur. Looking to the model we will find that the firm and the consumer are connected with each other, the firm tries to influence the consumer and the consumer is influencing the firm Continue reading
Approaches to Measuring Advertising Effectiveness
There are two approaches to measuring advertising effectiveness, viz,, experimental method and survey method. Under experimental method, consumers are given a controlled exposure to the message and the effects are measured on the basis of the change in opinion or attitude. A base line is observed with the use of a control group not exposed to the advertising campaign. The results of the exposure in almost all the situations are recorded. The alternative effects of each exposure are considered for comparison and with a view to establishing a relationship between the exposure and the effects. Field experiments are conducted to measure the effects of mass communication. Sample surveys or interviews or questionnaires are used to obtain information about people’s exposure to the advertising campaign. The advertising effectiveness is evaluated on the basis of the correlations between the exposure and the attitude or action. Pre Testing Methods Pre-testing is preferred because Continue reading
Gartner Competency Model – Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Model
Customer relationship management is a strategy of every organization which is made by the companies and the business to maintain the performance and the position of a company. Customer relationship management is a model which could be defined as technology, strategy and practice that is used by various organizations to develop and manage the customer data and customer interactions so that a good relationship could be managed. These strategies helps the company to maintain the relationship with the customers and also help the company to make loyal customers, indirectly these strategies help the company to enhance the turnover and grab more market share. It also helps a company to retain the customers. Customer relationship model is an approach that assists the company to manage the customers. CRM model helps a company to build and develop a good relationship with the customers. Basically, a CRM model is known as an “opportunity for business” Continue reading