In the field of psychology, numerous models and theories have been developed to explain how individuals cope with various challenges and stressors in their lives. One such model is Colin Carnall’s Coping Cycle Model, which identifies five stages that individuals go through when faced with difficult situations. Carnall’s Coping Cycle Model consists of five stages — denial, defense, discarding, adaptation, and internalization — which are explained in detail, shedding light on their significance and implications.
- Denial – The first stage of Carnall’s Coping Cycle Model is denial. During this stage, individuals tend to resist or ignore the reality of a challenging situation. Denial acts as a protective mechanism, shielding individuals from the initial shock and emotional distress associated with the situation. However, it is important to note that denial is usually temporary and serves as a starting point for individuals to process the situation further.
- Defense – The second stage, defense, involves employing various strategies to protect oneself from the stress or pain caused by the situation. Individuals may resort to behaviors such as avoidance, suppression of emotions, or even aggression. These defense mechanisms are aimed at maintaining a sense of control and minimizing further emotional discomfort. However, excessive reliance on defense mechanisms can hinder personal growth and impede effective coping.
- Discarding – As individuals move through the coping cycle, they enter the discarding stage. In this phase, individuals start to let go of outdated beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors that are no longer helpful in the face of the challenging situation. Discarding involves recognizing and acknowledging the need for change and being willing to shed old patterns of coping. It requires individuals to challenge their existing perspectives and open themselves up to new possibilities.
- Adaptation – The fourth stage, adaptation, is characterized by the development and implementation of new coping strategies and behaviors. In this phase, individuals actively seek out ways to adjust to the demands of the situation and regain a sense of control. Adaptation involves learning and acquiring new skills, adopting alternative perspectives, and exploring different approaches to problem-solving. It is a dynamic and iterative process that enables individuals to navigate the challenges they face effectively.
- Internalization – The final stage of Carnall’s Coping Cycle Model is internalization. At this stage, the newly acquired coping strategies and behaviors become integrated into an individual’s personal repertoire. Internalization signifies the internal acceptance and incorporation of the changes made during the adaptation phase. It reflects the individual’s ability to adapt and cope with similar challenges in the future autonomously.