Contemporary Theories/Views on Motivation

Motivation is human psychological characteristic which shows the level of commitment towards a particular goal. Motivation shows that how employee think about his job, if he is motivated than productivity level will be high. Motivation linked with morale as well, if the morale is high it shows employees job satisfaction and they are dedicated and loyal for their works. But if morale is low it results low productivity, absenteeism, and the high staff turnover. In another words performance mainly depend on motivation. Contemporary Views on Motivation In this section we will be discuss about five motivation theories which can be a good example for the managers who are struggling with the low motivation of staff and the high staff turnover and these theorize can help to learn how to motivate the staff. 1. Need Theory of Motivation Concentrates on what people need to live satisfied lives. According to the need Continue reading

Methods of Workers Participation In Management

Worker’s participation is a system where workers and management share important information with each other and participate in decision taking. Workers’ participation in management is an essential ingredient of Industrial democracy. The concept of workers’ participation in management is based on Human Relations approach to Management which brought about a new set of values to labor and management. Workers participation in management implies mental and emotional involvement of workers in the management of Enterprise. It is considered as a mechanism where workers have a say in the decision-making. It is a process by which authority and responsibility of managing industry are shared with workers. Most important Forms / Methods of Workers Participation in Management are: 1. Participation at the Board level: This would be the highest form of industrial democracy. The workers’ representative on the Board can play a useful role in safeguarding the interests of workers. He or she Continue reading

Career Development from the Perspective of an Individual Employee

Career development comprises those personal improvements one undertakes to achieve a career plan. The personnel department may sponsor these actions or they may be activities that employees undertake independent of the department. That is career development may be organizational and individual. From an organizational career standpoint, career development involves tracking career paths. In contrast, individual career development focuses on assisting individuals to identify their major career goals and to determine what they need to do to attain these goals. Each person must accept responsibility for his   own career; assess his own interests, skills and values and take the step required to ensure a happy and fulfilling career. It is unwise to leave these jobs to others. In the case of individual career development, the focus is entirely on the individual and includes his career outside the organization as well as inside. So while organizational career development looks at individuals Continue reading

Wage Issues under Collective Bargaining

Almost all contract negotiations pivot upon, and most grievances and  arbitration procedures thus ultimately deal with, four major areas : (1) wages  and issues that can be directly related to wages; (2) employee benefits or  economic “fringe” supplements to the basic wage rate; (3) “institutional” issues  that deal with the rights and duties of employers and trade unions; and (4)  “administrative” clauses that treat such subjects as work rules and job tenure. Probably no issues under collective bargaining continue to give rise to  more difficult problems than do wages and wage-related subjects. When  negotiations reach a stalemate, they frequently do so because management and trade union representatives are not able to find a formula to resolve wage disputes.  And wage controversies are, for that matter, by far the leading overt cause of  strikes; Over the past decade, for example, they have accounted for over 40  percent of all such work Continue reading

Workers Participation In Management – Definition, Features, Objectives, and Importance

Workers participation in management is an essential ingredient of Industrial democracy. The concept of workers participation in management is based on Human Relations approach to Management which brought about a new set of values to labor and management. Traditionally the concept of Workers Participation in Management refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organization. Workers’ participation is also known as ‘labour participation’ or ‘employee participation’ in management. In Germany it is known as co-determination while in Yugoslavia it is known as self-management. The International Labour Organization has been encouraging member nations to promote the scheme of Workers’ Participation in Management. Workers’ participation in management implies mental and emotional involvement of workers in the management of Enterprise. It is considered as a mechanism where workers have a say in the decision-making. Definitions of  Workers Participation In Management According to Keith Davis, Participation refers to the mental Continue reading

Coordination – Meaning, Definition, Features and Importance

Although Henri Fayol, James Mooney, Ordway Tead, Lyndall F. Urwick, Luther Gullick and Louis A. Allen, all consider coordination as a separate function of management, it seems more accurate to treat coordination as the essence of managing because the achievement of harmony of individual efforts towards the accomplishment of group goals is the very purpose of management. Coordination is inherent in all managerial functions. Each of the managerial functions is an exercise in coordination.   A manager achieves coordination through the management process and co-ordination is the outcome of managerial functions.   In fact, coordination makes planning more purposeful, organization better-knit and control more regulative, it is the key to the process of management.   Coordination is the result of the process of management. Meaning and Definition of Coordination Coordination implies an orderly pattern or arrangement of group efforts to ensure unity of action in pursuit of common objectives.   Continue reading