Job Analysis is the systematic process of collecting and making judgments about all the important information related to a job. Job Analysis is the procedure through which one determines the duties and nature of the jobs. It also determines the kinds of people who should be hired for those jobs. General purpose of job Analysis is to document the requirements of a job and the work performed. Moreover job Analysis is fundamental to the preparation of job specification and description. Job Description Job description is a broad statement of the purpose, duties and responsibilities of a job or position. A job description is based on a detailed job analysis and usually summarizes the essential information gathered through job analysis. It describes the main tasks and responsibilities of the job clearly and concisely in order to facilitate the systematic comparison of jobs for evaluation purposes. The kind of information and amount Continue reading
Human Resource Concepts
Competitive Imperatives of Compensation
Compensation is what employees receive in exchange for their contribution to the organisation. Generally, employees offer their services for three types of rewards. Pay refers to the base wages and salaries employees normally receive. Compensation forms such as bonuses, commissions and profit sharing plans are incentives designed to encourage employees to produce results beyond normal expectation. Benefits such as insurance, medical, recreational, retirement, etc., represent a more indirect type of compensation. So, the term compensation is a comprehensive one including pay, incentives, and benefits offered by employers for hiring the services of employees. In addition to these, managers have to observe legal formalities that offer physical as well as financial security to employees. All these issues play an important role in any HR departments efforts to obtain, maintain and retain an effective work force. So, the employers are, therefore are required to know that what are competitive imperatives which can Continue reading
Selection Criteria for International Assignments
Making an effective selection decision for an overseas assignment can prove to be a major problem. Typically, this decision is based on international selection criteria, which are factors used to choose international managers. These selections are influenced by the Multinational Corporations experience and often are culturally based. Sometimes as many as a dozen criteria are used, although most Multinational Corporations give serious consideration to only five or six. 1. Adaptability to Cultural Change Overseas managers must be able to adapt to change. They also need a degree of cultural toughness. Research shows that many managers are exhilarated at the beginning of their overseas assignment. After a few months, however, a form of culture shock creeps in, and they begin to encounter frustration and feel confused in their new environment. One analysis noted that many of the most effective international managers suffer this cultural shock. Organizations examine a number of characteristics Continue reading
Leader-Member Exchange Theory (LMX)
Several leadership theories including trait, behavioral, and contingency theories assume that the leader-member relations are consistent, with the leaders interacting with all subordinates homogeneously. But, Leader-Member Exchange Theory (LMX) asserts that leader-member relations are heterogeneous as leaders cannot distribute their limited resources and time to all the subordinates equally. Hence the leader develops unique dyadic relations with each member over a series of exchanges i.e. Vertical Dyadic Linkage Approach (VDL). Leader-Member Exchange Theory (LMX), also called the Vertical Dyad Linkage Theory developed by Graen and his colleagues suggests that leaders cultivate qualitatively different types of relations with different employees. The theory dictates that effective leadership processes takes place when leaders and followers develop mature partnerships and thus gain access to the mutual benefits of this relationship. Leader-Member Exchange Theory (LMX) suggests that the leader develops different types of exchange relationships with the subordinates. This phenomenon is called ‘LMX differentiation’. LMX Continue reading
High Performance Work Teams
Managing projects, setting goals, clarifying roles, and solving problems in teams are skills that must be developed. New organizational skills must be developed if teams are to operate effectively and efficiently. Teamwork as a form of organizing work will vary in its manifestation between societies. Nevertheless teamwork is a recognizable approach to the organization of work. Thus, teamwork forms one of the underlying dimensions of work organization and employee involvement that we use to characterize high performance work organizations (HPWOs). At a broader range we may include employee satisfaction, employee stress, labor turnover rates, customer satisfaction, client retention and so on in HPWOs. Practices like developing higher levels of commitment to the organization, higher levels of motivation and using employees knowledge to introduce continuous improvements, etc. will increase the productivity and other organizational outcomes. We have heard much about the benefits with implementing team approaches to improve organizational effectiveness and Continue reading
Recruitment – Definition, Process, Need and Purpose
People are integral part of any organization today. No organization can run without its human resources. In today’s highly complex and competitive situation, choice of right person at the right place has far reaching implications for an organization’s functioning. Employee well selected and well placed would not only contribute to the efficient running of the organization but offer significant potential for future replacement. Recruitment comes at this point of time in the picture. Recruitment is a strategic function for HR department. Recruitment means to estimate the available vacancies and to make suitable arrangements for their selection and appointment. Recruitment is understood as the process of searching for and obtaining applicants for the jobs, from among whom the right people can be selected. A formal definition states, “It is the process of finding and attracting capable applicants for the employment. The process begins when new recruits are sought and ends when Continue reading