Systems analysis has a broad definition depending on where it is being applied. Systems analysis can be defined as the procedure which entails breaking down into smaller ones for purposes of understanding and expedited execution. The whole part of a component can be the system in this case. Systems analysis in business language can be defined as a systematic inquiry conducted to assist someone or organization in identifying the best approach towards solving a problem which they ought not to have made on their individual capacity. It also involves specific way of performing a task and shedding more light through a systematic approach in a study of interacting entities. Several elements are studied to bring overall analysis of the whole subject. Systems analysis is used in most all fields where activities involved in developing new ideas are involved. Through this analysis, the effective and efficiency of a system can be Continue reading
Information Systems Basics
History of Memory and Storage Systems
As we know the memory is a power to remember things. In psychology, memory is the process by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. But in computing, memory refers to the physical devices used to store programs or data on a temporary or permanent basis for use in a computer or other digital electronic device. Computer data storage, often called storage or memory. It is a core function and fundamental component of computers. A computer’s memory can be said as a list of cells into which numbers can be placed or read. Each cell has a numbered “address” and can store a single number. In almost all modern computers, each memory cell is set up to store binary numbers in groups of eight bits. A bit is the basic unit of information in computing and telecommunications. A bit can have only two values, either 1 or 0. Eight bits Continue reading
Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) – Explanation, Role, and Functions
Before the emergence of service-oriented architecture (SOA), the term middleware would often be equated with an application server. However, today with the degree of progress on service-oriented architecture the term middleware will often be equated with Enterprise Service Bus (ESB). This is because if the application server is the foundation for middleware then ESB represents the largest and most important part of middleware in Service Oriented Architecture. Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) is a term used to describe a wide variety of products whose primary goal is to extend the simple messaging capabilities of an application server to allow the inclusion of enterprise functionality needed to support SOA. It has also been observed that a major difference between ESB and middleware is the fact that ESB is Service-Oriented whereas middleware has functions that are applicable outside the realm of services in a distributed system. The ESB can accomplish business communication by Continue reading
Classification of Security Threats in Information Systems
As use of internet and related telecommunications technologies and systems has become pervasive, use of these networks now creates a new vulnerability for organizations or companies. These networks can be infiltrated or subverted a number of ways. As a result, organizations or companies will faced threats that affect and vulnerable to information system security. Threats to information system can come from a variety of places inside and external to an organizations or companies. In order to secure system and information, each company or organization should analyze the types of threats that will be faced and how the threats affect information system security. Examples of threats such as unauthorized access (hacker and cracker), computer viruses, theft, sabotage, vandalism and accidents. Unauthorized Access (Hacker and Cracker): One of the most common security risks in relation to computerized information systems is the danger of unauthorized access to confidential data. The main concern comes Continue reading
Introduction to File Organization
As in our daily life, huge amount of data has to be collected and processed, so it is very difficult to handle it. But this can be handled fast and easily by using files. Files are the mega byte data structure used in information processing. Actually, a file itself is a bunch of bytes stored on some storage devices like magnetic disk, magnetic drum and magnetic tape etc. A file is a collection of records. Each record is made up of fields. The various fields consists of groups of characters, say the decimal digits 0 through 9 and alphabet A through Z. Group of fields are combined to form a logical record. This logical record contains all the data of interest about some entity. Different application requires a variety of record types and file structure; one basic distinction is between fixed and variable length records. A fixed length record has Continue reading
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a reference model developed by ISO (International Organization for Standardization) in 1984, as a conceptual framework of standards for communication in the network across different equipment and applications by different merchants. It is now considered the primary architectural model for inter-computing and inter-networking communications. There are seven layers within the OSI model that serve to differentiate the various hardware and software functions that a network provides. Each layer depends on the proper functioning of the layer immediately below it to provide its raw functionality, which is enhanced and then passed to the next higher layer. Status messages may be communicated up or down the various layers, although each layer only communicates with its immediate neighbors. As each layer is solely dependent on the layer below it for lower-level services, higher layers are shielded from system, hardware, and software implementation details. This leads to the Continue reading