Staffing means manning of an organization. Staffing process involves determination of manpower requirements, recruitment, selection, placement, training, development, job transfer and appraisal of personnel to fill the various positions in an organization. 1. Manpower Planning The staffing function starts with the manpower planning. This means to assess precisely how many persons are required for the various positions in the organization, how many persons does the organization already haves and how many more will have to be appointed. The staffing also ensures that the right kind of people is to be placed at the right job. Manpower planning is also known as Human Resource Planning. Beach has defined it as “a process of determining and assuring that the organization will have an adequate number of qualified persons, at the proper times, performing jobs which meet the needs of the enterprise and which provide satisfaction for the individuals involved.” 2. Recruitment The Continue reading
Management Basics
Business Expansion – Reasons and Forms
Reasons for Business Expansion Growth is always essential for the existence of a business concern. A concern is bound to die if it does not try to expand its activities. There may be a number of reasons which are responsible for the expansion of business concern. Predominant reasons for expansion are economic but there may be some other reasons too. Following are the reasons for business expansion. Existence: The existence of the concern depends upon its ability to expand. In a competitive world only the fittest survives. The firm need to control its costs and improve its efficiency so that it may be achieved if the activities of the firm are expansion is essential for the existence of the firm otherwise it may result into failure and may be out of business. Advantages of large scale: A large scale business enjoys a number of economics in production, finance, marketing and Continue reading
Obstacles to Effective Organizational Performance
Over the past decade there is an abundance of evidence, which could be produced to say that successful organizations are managed by efficient managers. Success in the long run can be ensured only through effective management. Successful managers foster sustainable growth through their skills, attributes and personal qualities. There is a distinction between common sense and common knowledge. Knowing things is different from doing things. Being able to analyze a case, identify a problem, and suggest a correct solution makes a manager more effective. Out of all the characteristics that make an effective organization, the most important factor is the quality and alignment of the human resources. The main obstacles to effective organizational performance are discussed below. 1. Working Conditions Ergonomics does matter for job performance. Not only the furniture and fixtures but also the colors of the rooms and the objects with which people work influence people’s attitudes and Continue reading
Organizational Culture – Meaning, Characteristics, Importance and Dimensions
Organizational culture is the set of values that states what an organization stands for, how it operates and what it considers important. Edgar H. Schein defines organizational culture as the pattern of basic assumptions that a given group has invented, discovered and developed while learning to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration. All the above definitions stress acceptable and unacceptable behavior of its members. For instance, one organization might value solidarity and loyalty to organization more than any other value whereas another organization might stress on good relations with customers. Such values are part of organizational culture in spite of not being formally written like rules and regulations of the organization. They do not usually appear in the organizational training program and in fact, many organizations have difficulty in expressing their cultural values. However, an organization’s values automatically enter every employee’s personal values and actions over Continue reading
Non-Profit Organization: Meaning and Characteristics
The term ‘non-profit organization‘ refers to government organizations, educational institutions, religious bodies, foundations, libraries, clubs, Government hospitals, and welfare organizations. These organizations exit to render service rather than to earn profits. Their success is also measured primarily by how well they render the service. For example, the purpose of a library is to provide books and a place for reading and reference. Its performance can, therefore, be measured by how well it renders the service to its readers. Non-profit organizations aim at providing the best possible service with the given resources and the managerial decisions are taken accordingly. The objectives of a non-profit organization are less precise, more diverse, and sometimes contradictory. Distinctive Characteristics of Non-Profit Organisations The main difference between profit and non-profit organizations lies in the purpose for which they exist. In addition following differences are found in the characteristics of these two types of organizations: Profit Measure. Continue reading
Differences Between Profit and Non Profit Organizations
A profit organization is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals, controls its own performance, and has a boundary separating it from its environment. Profit organization is a business which has a primary goal of making profit and a proposed goal such as helping the environment. An organization is defined by the elements that are part of it its communication, its autonomy, and its rules of action compared to outside events. A non profit organization is a group organized for purposes other than generating profit and in which no part of the organization’s income is distributed to its members, directors, or officers. Non profit corporations are often termed “non-stock corporations.” They can take the form of a corporation, an individual enterprise (for example, individual charitable contributions), unincorporated association, partnership, foundation (distinguished by its endowment by a founder, it takes the form of a trusteeship), or condominium (joint ownership of common Continue reading