Definition of Debentures A company may not with to possess itself of the use of more share capital or ownership securities, and yet desire more available money. It may invite persons to kind their money as a loan, instead of contributing it as a part of the capital. Money so lent must also be recorded and acknowledged. The document which the lender receives is called a debenture. The holder of this debenture is a creditor of the company, while the shareholder is one of the proprietors of the capital of the company and so responsible for its liabilities. The debenture holder is one of the liabilities for which the shareholder is responsible. Thus a company in order to secure long-term finance for initial needs and more often for extensions and developments to supplement its capital may issue debentures or “creditorship securities”. In fact in every country, debenture issue is one Continue reading
Business Finance
Business Finance is that business activity which is concerned with the acquisition and conservation of capital funds in meeting financial needs and overall objectives of business enterprises.
Overview of SEFT, NEFT and Cheque Truncation System
Special Electronic Funds Transfer (SEFT) Since the EFT system could enable funds transfer only from and to branches participating in the EFT process and falling within the clearing jurisdiction at the centres where clearing operations were managed by RBI, many centres were left out of the purview of such transfers. In order to widen the reach of EFT, in 2003, the SEFT scheme was introduced wherein the participating bank branches had to necessarily be computerised and networked so as to enable funds transfer within the stipulated time zone. The processing of transactions is centralised at National Clearing Cell, Mumbai and inter-bank funds settlement also takes place at Deposit Accounts Department, Mumbai office. The networked branches participating this Scheme, will submit the EFT files of their branch to the service branch (through their internal network), and the service branch will forward the files to NCC Mumbai. Thereafter, NCC Mumbai will process, Continue reading
Strains and Challenges Faced by Indian Banking Sector
Liberalization process has increasingly exposed Indian Industry to international competition and banking being a service industry is also not an exception. Banking Sector in India too faces same strains and challenges at local, national and international level. Indian Banks, functionally diverse and geographically widespread, have played a crucial role in the socio-economic progress of the country after independence. However, the growth led to strains in the operational efficiency of banks and the accumulation of non-performing assets (NPA’s) in their loan portfolios. Banks face increasing pressure to stand out from the crowd. On the Internet, this means offering your target customers an increasingly broader range of services than your competitors and that too in unique way. All this has resulted in a challenge to managers of banks to develop the right mix of acquired and internally grown IT applications which suits customer’s expectations. Banking sector reforms and liberalization process raised many Continue reading
Need of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in Banks
Retail banking refers to mass-market banking where individual customers typically use banks for services such as savings and current accounts, mortgages, loans (e.g. personal, housing, auto, and educational), debit cards, credit cards, depository services, fixed deposits, investment advisory services (for high net worth individuals) etc. Before Internet era, consumers largely selected their banks based on how convenient the location of bank’s branches was to their homes or offices. With the advent of new technologies in the business of bank, such as Internet banking and ATMs, now customers can freely chose any bank for their transactions. Thus the customer base of banks has increased, and so has the choices of customers for selecting the banks. This is just the beginning of the story. Due to globalization new generations of private sector banks and many foreign banks have also entered the market and they have brought with them several useful and innovative Continue reading
Accounts Payable – Meaning, Process, Advantages, and Disadvantages
Every business owner would like to have all sales on a cash basis, but that’s not always possible in a competitive marketplace. Sometimes, sellers need to offer sales on credit terms just to get customers to buy their products. Unfortunately, selling on delayed payment terms opens up an entirely new aspect of running a business: managing the extension of trade credit to customers. constitute a current or short term liability representing the buyer’s obligation to pay a certain amount on a date in the near future for value of goods or services received. They are short term deferments of cash payments that the buyer of goods and services is allowed by the seller. Payables is extended in connection with goods purchased for resale or for processing and resale, and hence excludes consumer credit provided to individuals for purchasing goods for ultimate use and installment credit provided for purchase of equipment Continue reading
Liquidity and Profitability Trade-Off
Differences Between Liquidity and Profitability The liquidity is the ability of a firm to pay its short term obligation for the continuous operation. A firm is considered normally financially solid and low risky which has huge cash in its balance sheet. The liquidity is not only measured by the cash balance but also by all kind of assets which can be converted to cash within one year without losing their value. It has primary importance for the survival of a firm both in short term and long term whereas the profitability has secondary important. The profitability measures the economic success of the firm irrespective to cash flow in the firm. It is often observed that a firm is very profitable in its books but it does not have sufficient cash and cash equivalent to pay its daily bills and due obligations. That is an illustration of classical poor liquidity management. Continue reading