Case Study on Entrepreneurship: Larry Page

Business Analysis

The Boundaryless Career: Modern Contemperory Perspective on Career

Human Resource Management

Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

Kaizen – Understanding the Japanese Business Philosophy of Continuous Improvement

Operations Management

Role of Leaders in Shaping Organizational Culture

Management Principles

The Importance of Credit Risk Management in Banking

Credit risk implies a potential risk that the counterparty of a loan agreement is likely to fail to meet its obligations as per the original loan agreement, and may eventually default on the obligation. Credit risks can be classified into many forms such as options, equities, mutual funds, bonds, loans, and other financial issues as well, which in extensions of guarantees and the settlement of these transactions.  Is it Important for the Banks to Manage their Credit Risks? Risk is always associated with banking activities, and taking a risk is an important part of any banking operation, there is hardly any banking operation without the risk. Most of the bankers are said to be sound when they have a clear overview of what is the amount of risk involved in the current transaction and they make sure that some of the partly earnings are therefore kept for these risks. The Continue reading

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Concept of Shipping Conferences in Logistics

The conferences are association of companies, resembling an ordinary cartel or  trust, formed to control supply and prices and to limit entry into the trade. The Royal  Commission  of 1909 defined  Shipping  ring or conference  as ‘a combination, more or less close of shipping companies  formed for the purpose of regulating or restricting competition in the carrying trade on a given trade route or routes’. Shipping  Conferences are formed only in a line trade  and not in the tramp service, because the former is a more stable and regular  organisation. Since the conferences are made for particular routes only, a shipping  company may join many conferences on different routes. Likewise, the shipping  companies may not join conference of a particular route and carry on independent  business. The organisation of conferences varies. It may be completely formal or  informal. A conference may have liners of various  nationalities as its members and Continue reading

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Implications for International HRM

Diversity of various types in a global company suggests that HRM practices have to be tailor-made to suit the local conditions. Such practices can be seen in the context of different HRM functions. Recruitment and Selection A global company has the following alternative approaches to recruitment and selection of employees: Ethnocentric-all key positions, in headquarters as well as subsidiaries, are staffed by parent-country nationals. Polycentric-key positions in subsidiaries staffed by host-country nationals and those in headquarters staffed by parent-country nationals. Regiocentric-key positions staffed by host-country nationals within particular geographical regions (such as continent-wise). Geocentric-key positions in headquarters as well as subsidiaries staffed by people based on merit, irrespective of their nationality. Different MNCs adopt different approaches for recruitment. For example, a survey of recruitment practices adopted by MNCs reveals that 50 per cent MNCs believe in geocentric approach while 35 per cent MNCs believe in ethnocentric approach and key functionaries Continue reading

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Consumer Behaviour and Factors Influencing Buyer Behavior

Consumer  behavior  is an attempt to understand & predict human actions in the buying role. It has assumed growing importance under market-oriented or customer oriented marketing planning & management. Consumer behavior is defined as “all psychological, social & physical  behavior  of potential customers as they become aware of, evaluate, purchase, consume, & tell others about product & services”.  Each element in this definition is important. Consumer behavior involves both individual (psychological) processes & group (social processes). Consumer behavior is reflected from awareness right through post-purchase evaluation indicating satisfaction or non-satisfaction, from purchases Consumer behavior includes communication, purchasing & consumption behavior Consumer behavior is basically social in nature. Hence social environment plays an important role in shaping buyer behavior. Consumer behavior includes both consumer & business buyer behavior In consumer behavior we consider not only why, how, & what people buy but other factors such as where , how often, and Continue reading

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The Advantages and Disadvantages of Budgeting

A budget can be described as a financial plan for a business that has been prepared well in advance to demonstrate and dictate the future course of work of a business. A budget may be set in money terms or it can be expressed in terms of units. Budgets can also be put across in the form of income budgets for money received i.e. sales budget, or expenditure budgets for money spent, i.e. a purchases budget. However, a major emphasis has always been on the cash budget which combines both income and expenditure in estimating the business working capital, cash in hand and bank balance during a course of work or a time period. The budgets are usually prepared for the following financial years (budget period), and are usually broken down into shorter time periods in order to emphasize on the figures and their attainment/fulfillment. The periods are usually monthly Continue reading

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Classification of Bank Payment Systems

Payment systems can be classified on the basis of the value of transactions being put through them, settlement modality or on the basis of timing of settlement. Value of funds transfer: payment systems can be categorized into (a) Large-value funds transfer — where individual payments are of high value and therefore time sensitive and (b) Retail funds transfer — where the value of transactions are of relatively low individual value but the volume of transactions put through it large. Settlement modality: payments systems can be classified into (a) Net settlement where payments are set off against receipts over a large number of transactions taken up for settlement. This arrangement can be on a bilateral basis between two participants or on a multilateral basis amongst all participants and (b) Gross Settlement — where each transaction is settled independent of other transactions. Timing of settlement: payment systems can be classified as (a) Continue reading

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