What is Arbitration?

Arbitration is the means of securing a definite judgment or award for any controversial issue by referring it to a third party. It may imply the existence of an authority set apart to adjudicate on industrial disputes under recognized conditions. Arbitration is by mutual consent of the parties. When the Government decides to refer a case to a Labor Court or Industrial Tribunal, it is called adjudication. Thus, compulsory arbitration is referred to as adjudication. Arbitration involves the exercise of an authority to bring about an agreement or to help the process of settlement by adjudicating on industrial disputes. The arbitrator has powers to probe and in the process becomes acquainted with the facts of the industrial situation. Arbitration in industry shares several common features with conciliation and mediation. Just like conciliation and mediation, there is also intervention of third party. It can either be voluntary or compulsory like conciliation Continue reading

Strategic Management Process – Stages of the Strategic Management Process

The strategic management process aims at delineating the organization’s strategy. It is defined as the process by which managers make a choice of a set of strategies for the organization to achieve efficient functioning and higher accomplishments. It is a continuous process that appraises the business and industries where organization is involved, evaluates its competitors, defines targets to meet all the present and future challenges and finally assesses each strategy periodically. Strategic management is a particular course of action that is meant to achieve a corporate goal. By and large, the owners, founders of the company take the first step of the process. They lay down the structure responsible for carrying out several functions such as providing direction and guidance to the employees, setting up measurable goals with defined time spans and designated duties. Planning, budgeting, acquiring resources, maintaining resources and using follow-up techniques to resolve key issues are key Continue reading

Top 3 Strategy Development Tools in Business

In the business world, strategy refers to the models using to make the right decisions that help organizations achieve set targets. It is, therefore, important that business people invest in understanding the various strategy development tools, their benefits, and their limitations. Having in-depth knowledge about strategy and how to select the right strategy tools, can businesses become more efficient and productive. There are several strategy development tools for use in the business world; what’s important is to know which strategy tool to use in a given circumstance. The main goal of using business strategy tools is to implement strategic plans in companies and help create economic moats. Some of the standard strategy development tools are; PESTEL, Five Forces, Resource-Based View, Cross Impact Analysis, and SWOT Analysis. In this article, only three important strategy development tools will be discussed. These strategy tools include; PESTEL, Five Forces, and SWOT Analysis. PESTEL analysis Continue reading

Qualities of a Good Advertisement Copy

The advertisement copy refers to the written contents of the advertisement including its text and head line. It can be referred to as the heart of advertising and should be drafted with utmost care; otherwise all the money invested in carrying out the advertisement campaign will go waste. In the words of William J. Stanton “The copy in an advertisement is defined as the written or spoken material in it, including head line, coupons and advertiser’s name and address as well as the main body of the message”. Simply stated advertisement copy means the total structure relating to the message which the advertiser wants to convey by using any medium of advertisement. The importance of a good advertisement copy can hardly be overemphasized. All the planning, research and expense would go waste if proper care is not taken in drafting an advertisement copy that will achieve the purpose of advertising. Continue reading

Balance of Payments (BoP)

The balance of payment is defined as a systematic record of all economic transactions between the residents of a country and residents of foreign countries during a certain period of time. Although the above definition of balance of payments is quite revealing certain terms used in the definition may require some clarification. The term’s systematic record does not refer to any particular system. However, the system generally adopted is double entry book-keeping system. Economic transactions include all such transactions that involve the transfer of title or ownership. While some transactions involve physical transfer of goods, services, assets and money along with the transfer of title while other transactions do not involve transfer of title. For example, suppose that a subsidiary company of a foreign undertaking is operating in India and making profit. This company may pay all its profits as dividend to the shareholders abroad, or it may, alternatively reinvest Continue reading

Financial Market Regulation in India (Guidelines Issued by RBI and SEBI)

Guidelines Issued by Reserve Bank of India for the Regulation of Financial Markets 1) Management oversight, policy/operational guidelines – The management of a Primary Dealer should bear primary responsibility for ensuring maintenance of appropriate standards of conduct and adherence to proper procedures by the entity. Primary Dealers (PD) should frame and implement suitable policy guidelines on securities transactions. Operational procedures and controls in relation to the day-to-day business operations should also be worked out and put in place to ensure that operations in securities are conducted in accordance with sound and acceptable business practices. With the approval of respective Boards, the PDs should clearly lay down the broad objectives to be followed while undertaking transactions in securities on their own account and on behalf of clients, clearly define the authority to put through deals, procedure to be followed while putting through deals, and adhere to prudential exposure limits, policy regarding Continue reading