Trade-Off Between Equity And Efficiency

In any society at any point of time all the resources would be relatively scarce. We cannot have whatever we want. We need to decide our priorities and then distribute the resources. In such a situation we need to take into consideration goals of efficiency and equity (sense of fairness). If the distribution of resources or goods in an economy is fair between different members of the society, it indicates equity. Efficiency is making the best out of scarce resources at the best possible price. Efficiency refers to the size of economic resource and equity refers to how this economic resource is distributed. When the resources are distributed we will be faced with a trade-off between efficiency and equity. This trade off is a central principle in economics. The best example of trade-off between equity and efficiency can be explained with environmental policy of the government. Who gets the most Continue reading

Listening Skills in Business

The importance of listening skills in business is enormous. The ability to speak well is a necessary component to successful communication. The ability to listen is equally as important. Good listening is an art. A good listener is generally interested in what the speaker has to convey. A good listener knows the art of getting much more than what the speaker is trying to convey. A good listener knows how to prompt, prod, persuade. A good listener puts a speaker at ease helps articulate and facilitates the speaker to get across the message in full and with clarity. A good listener should also not have any biases and should cultivate the right temperament. A positive attitude helps in making listening effective. Listening skills are very essential for business success Development of listening skills at various levels is very essential for business success. Every business has its stakeholders and there is Continue reading

Network Topology and Types of Network Topologies

A network topology refers to the layout of the computers and devices in a communications network. Network topologies also may be physical or logical. Physical topology means the physical design of a network including design of a network including the devices, location and cable installation. Logical topology refers to how data is actually transferred in a network as opposed to its physical design. Now lets see in detail diffrent types network topologies. Types of Network Topologies The term Topology refers to a connected layout of devices shared in a network. Now we shall go ahead in the discussion of the standard Topologies from the computer networking. An imagination of the shape of the network or the structure of virtual architecture is considered to be the topology. The structure or the shape is not mandatory to implement the exact physical layout of the present devices in the network. For instance the Continue reading

Competency Based Compensation System

In the 1990s, a new idea gained acceptance in a number of organizations that more closely aligned human resource practices with organizational strategies, missions and cultures. A number of organizations switched from a traditional job-based structure to a competency-based structure that emphasized the development and attainment of behaviors, knowledge and skills compatible with and aligned to the organization’s mission and business strategies. The focus of competencies is centered on characteristics of the employee, including behaviors, skills and knowledge that can be demonstrated and positively affect the organization. Competencies emphasize the attributes and activities that are required for an organization to be successful. Therefore, human resource practices using Competency Models tap into the employee capabilities that are aligned to the organization mission and business need. Competency Models when implemented in totality can impact all of the agency’s human resource practices including recruitment, selection, compensation decisions, performance planning, performance evaluation and career Continue reading

Employee Participation and Organization Performance

In the first instance is necessary to define both employee participation as well as what is meant by performance. Employee participation may be defined as the process by which employees are involved in the decision making process of a business rather than merely being expect to following instructions and as such this forms what is referred to in HR as empowerment. Performance on the other hand can be considered from two perspectives, firstly there is the performance of the individual in question and how their personal performance is affected by the concept of employee participation. Secondly there is the performance of the organization as a whole to consider and how this will change with varying degrees of employee participation.  Approaches to Employee Participation Traditional views of the organization and approaches to management have seen a clear distinction between the tasks of managers and those of the grass roots level employee. Continue reading

The Importance of Accounting Information Systems

Generally, the day-to-day running of a business organization comprises several transactions which the firm engages in. As a result, there is a need to always keep the records in a systematic manner for decision-making and for reference. Accounting is a systematic way of recording business transactions. The data of all the transactions are recorded and kept mainly for future use. These data are tracked and recorded in a computer-based system (financial accounting system) to facilitate the accuracy of the data. The main users of the accounting information are the shareholders, creditors, financial analysts, vendors, and government agencies. There are various categories of books and documents in which the accounting information is kept. For instance, the books of original entry which comprises of various journals such as cash journal, general journal, purchase journal, and sales journal; and the source documents like, cash receipts, bank statements, and cash statements. The information from Continue reading