The Boundaryless Career: Modern Contemperory Perspective on Career

Human Resource Management

Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

Kaizen – Understanding the Japanese Business Philosophy of Continuous Improvement

Operations Management

Role of Leaders in Shaping Organizational Culture

Management Principles

Organizational Culture – Development and Importance

Management Principles

Clearing and Settlement of Futures and Options

National Securities Clearing Corporation Limited (NSCCL) undertakes clearing and settlement of all trades executed on the futures and options (F&O) segment of the NSE. It also acts as legal counterparty to all trades on the F&O segment and guarantees their financial settlement. Clearing Entities Clearing and settlement activities in the F&O segment are undertaken by NSCCL with the help of the following entities: Clearing members: In the F&O segment, some members, called self clearing members, clear and settle their trades executed by them only either on their own account or on account of their clients. Some others called trading member–cum–clearing member, clear and settle their own trades as well as trades of other trading members (TMs). Besides, there is a special category of members, called professional clearing members (PCM) who clear and settle trades executed by TMs. The members clearing their own trades and trades of others, and the PCMs Continue reading

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Measuring Employee Morale

Employee morale can be measured by assessing attitudes and job satisfaction. As morale is intangible and subjective concept, it cannot be directly measured or evaluated. Employees may be unwilling to express their feelings of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with their job to the management is no longer a valid assumption. Today’s employees and workplaces allow for a lot more transparency and open door philosophy seen in most organizations allow for employees to openly voice their views. Measuring employee morale ranges all the way from the “hunch” /general “feeling”, to more scientific efforts such as employee satisfaction surveys. Also the liberated employee of today feel very comfortable looking for a new job in another company rather than be unhappy and work in a company where he’s unhappy. It is important to study the commonly used methods for measuring employee morale, however increasingly the ‘employee satisfaction survey’ is the most preferred method in Continue reading

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Different Approaches to the Study of Marketing

Marketing may be studied by different approaches. To facilitate the study these approaches may be broadly classified as follows: Commodity Approach:  The first approach is the commodity approach under which a specific commodity is selected and then its marketing methods and environments are studied in the course of its movement from producer to consumer. In this approach, the subject matter of discussion centers around the specific commodity selected for the study and includes the sources and conditions of supply, nature and extent of demand, the distribution channels used, promotional methods adopted etc.   Functional Approach:  The second approach is the functional approach under which the study concentrates on the specialized functions or services performed by the marketers and the problems faced by them in performing those functions. Such marketing functions include buying, selling, storage, standardizing, transport, finance, risk-bearing, market information etc. This approach certainly enables one to gain detailed knowledge Continue reading

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Issues of International Technology Transfers

International technology transfer is the process by which a technology, expertise, know how or facilities developed by one business organization (MNC in the case of international business) is transferred to another business organization. There are many  issues associated with the international technology transfer.  The most important international technology  transfer  issues are; ways of technology  acquisition, choice of technology, terms of technology transfer, and creating  local capability. Modes of Foreign Technology Acquisition One of the major issues in technology transfer relates to the mode of acquisition.  Developing new technology may conjure up visions of scientists and product  developers working in R&D laboratories. In reality, new technology comes from  many different sources, including suppliers, manufactures, users, other  industries, universities, government, and MNCs . While every source needs to  be explored, each firm has specific sources for most of the new technologies.  For example, because of the limited size of most farming operations, Continue reading

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Industrial Marketing Environment

Industrial buyers and sellers operate in a dynamic environment. One constantly poising new opportunities and threats. The industrial marketing environment could be divided into three levels namely the interface level, the  public’s  level and the macro environment level. The Interface Level This involves those key participants who immediately interface with an industrial firm (buyer or seller) in facilitating production, distribution and purchase of firm’s goods and services. Supply inputs are transformed by a company and its competitors into outputs with added value that move on to the end markets, the move being made through the firms interface with industrial distributors and dealers, manufacturers representatives and the company’s own sales people. That move is made possible by a firms interface with facilitating institutions such as banking, transportation, research and advertising firms. Participants in the interface level include: Input supplier– Input goods such as the raw materials,  labor  and capital are supplied Continue reading

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The Relevance of Stakeholder Management in International Business Context

Stakeholders can be defined as an internal and external party to the organization which is having interest in the operations of the organization. Stakeholders can create an impact on the actions, objectives, and policies of the organization. Stakeholders may get affected by the objectives, policies, and actions of the business. Stakeholders may have a direct or indirect interest in the operations of the organization. Stakeholders of an organization can be of different types. These different types of stakeholders include management and employees, customers, investors and suppliers, banks and other financial organizations, government, trade unions and pressure groups. The term stakeholder management can be defined as the process of engaging and enrolling the stakeholders in the operations of the business so as to make them accountable, responsible, consulted and informed. Stakeholder management is concerned regarding the fit between the values or the organization and expectations of the stakeholders for determining the Continue reading

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