Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

Kaizen – Understanding the Japanese Business Philosophy of Continuous Improvement

Operations Management

Role of Leaders in Shaping Organizational Culture

Management Principles

Organizational Culture – Development and Importance

Management Principles

Five Important Organizational Cultural Models

Management Principles

External Environment Factors of Business

Business involves activities, which links an organization with outside world. Within an organization, a business is governed by the  behavior  of its employees, management or decision makers. But externally a business is influenced by a score of factors, which range from customers to competitors and government. Therefore, a business cannot be independent of the influence of these external factors. It should also be noted that a business has absolute control over all the internal factors, it has no control over the external factors. So often it becomes necessary for business houses to modify their internal decisions and policies, on the basis of the pressure from external factors. This highlights the need to be ever- cognizant of changes and influences of external factors so as to conduct business on healthy lines. It is in this context that business environment assumes all significance. Business environment therefore refers to the influences and pressures Continue reading

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Introduction to Common Stock or Ordinary Share

Stocks or securities are generic terms that stand for instruments of ownership like shares, as well as instruments of lending like debentures, which are issued publicly. Just as a share represents the smallest unit of ownership, a debenture or a bond represents the smallest unit of lending.   Shares and debentures may be of various kinds. An ordinary share represents the form of fractional ownership in which a shareholder (one who holds ordinary shares), as a fractional owner, undertakes maximum entrepreneurial risk associated with a business venture.   This risk has several dimensions.   During the life of a business, in general, an ordinary shareholder receives dividends out of operating surplus.   This surplus is the residual from the revenue, after subtracting all the operating expenses, the interest charges on all kinds of borrowing, various taxes, and dividends due to the non-ordinary shareholders.   Now, various economic factors, government policies, Continue reading

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Sampling Methods in Research

Sampling is that part of statistical practice concerned with the selection of an unbiased or random subset of individual observations within a population of individuals intended to yield some knowledge about the population of concern, especially for the purposes of making predictions based on statistical inference. Sampling is an important aspect of data collection. There are two basic approaches to sampling: probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling. A probability sampling scheme is one in which every unit in the population has a chance (greater than zero) of being selected in the sample, and this probability can be accurately determined. The combination of these traits makes it possible to produce unbiased estimates of population totals, by weighting sampled units according to their probability of selection. Example: We want to estimate the total income of adults living in a given street. We visit each household in that street, identify all adults living there, and Continue reading

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Everything You Need to Get Out of Debt

Everyone knows how easy it is to accumulate debt. we have debt because we require the financial assistance. Not everyone can utilize bootstrapping for everything, which is why we often turn to things, like loans and credit cards. However, these aren’t exactly the get out of jail free card some people think they are. While they can certainly be useful in a pinch, you have to understand that taking these out are another responsibility. You don’t have an infinite amount of funds on a credit card and you can’t keep borrowing loans. In this article, we’ll be going over everything you need to get out of debt. What Debt Can Do to People Before getting into how you can get out of debt, it’s important for people dealing with it for the first time to understand the positive and negative effects of debt on a your life. When you’re in Continue reading

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Process of Human Resource Planning

Human resource planning is the responsibility of all managers. It focuses on the demand and supply of labor and involves the acquisition, development and departure of people. This is recognized as a vital HR function as the success of an organisation depends on its employees. The purpose of HR planning is to ensure that a predetermined number of persons with the correct skills are available at a specified time in the future. Thus, HR planning systematically identifies what must be done to guarantee the availability of the human resources needed by an organisation to meet its strategic business objectives. To achieve this HR planning cannot be undertaken in isolation. It must be linked to the organisation’s overall business strategy, and concentrate on the organisation’s long-range human resource requirements. Read More: Introduction to Human Resource Planning Process of Human Resource Planning Human Resource Planning  is a continuous process. The manager responsible Continue reading

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Factors Affecting the Performance of Computer Networks

Networking is very important in the world of computer. Networking is the activity of connecting the computers to each other to make-up the computer network. In other word is the purpose of sharing data through linking of two or more computing devices together. Networks are built with a mix of computer hardware and computer software. A computer network is a collection of computers and devices connected together via communications devices and transmission media. There are few factors that affect the performance of computer networks. Those factors will reduce the quality of service of the network. The major factors are Latency, Packet loss, Retransmission, Throughput and Queuing delay. 1. Latency Latency is the kinds of delays typically incurred in processing of network data. A low latency network connection is one that generally experiences small delay times, while a high latency connection generally suffers from long delays. Although the peak bandwidth of Continue reading

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