Kaizen – Understanding the Japanese Business Philosophy of Continuous Improvement

Operations Management

Role of Leaders in Shaping Organizational Culture

Management Principles

Organizational Culture – Development and Importance

Management Principles

Five Important Organizational Cultural Models

Management Principles

The Customer Satisfaction Model – Based on American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI)

Marketing Management

Case Study of McDonalds: Advertising and Promotion Strategies

McDonald’s is the worlds leading fast food restaurant and is globally recognized.  With over tens of thousands of stores spread across 119 countries, McDonald’s serves an astounding  50 million  customers daily. McDonald’s has been viewed as the pinnacle and one of the defining features of the American lifestyle.   Burger, fries, and a Coke were the traditional meal.   Once it spread globally, it boomed into popularity because other countries wanted to be associated with the successful image of the “American dream”. McDonald’s provides a positive and caring attitude towards the community of which it serves.  McDonalds’ vision states that “We are not a hamburger company serving people; we are a people company serving hamburgers”. With a vision so clearly committed to people, customers have responded  by continuing to keep McDonald’s  number one. Other aspects of the McDonald’s dining experience show why their customers continue to hold their reputation high. Continue reading

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Abey Francis

Significance of Money in Modern Economic Life

Money occupies a central position in our modern economy. Money is everywhere and for everything in the modern economic life. Money has become the religion of the day in the ordinary business of life. Every branch of economic activity in a money economy is basically different from what it would have been in a barter economy. Money has created a far reaching effect on all facets of economic activities; consumption, production, exchange and distribution, as also on public finance and economic welfare. Money and Consumption Money enables a consumer to generalize his purchasing power. It gives him command over a wide variety of goods. It enables him to canalize his purchasing power and get what he wants. In fact, it is money through its immense purchasing power that makes a consumer sovereign in a capitalist economy. The consumer’s sovereignty can be expressed through money spending. Money provides freedom of choice Continue reading

Abey Francis

Managing Foreign Exchange Risk with Money Market Hedge

Firms, which have access to international money markets for short-term borrowing as well as investment, can use the money market for hedging Forex transactions exposure. Important money market hedging tools used for managing Forex risk are : 1. Discounting Foreign Currency Denominated Bills Receivable: Discounting is used in cases where the export receivables are settled through bills of exchange. The system enables the recipient to receive cash prior to the settlement date itself. The discount represents the cost for the facility extended by the bank discounting the bill. It enables the exporter to guard himself from -losses arising out of an adverse change in-the foreign exchange rate. There are two options before the exporter while considering bill discounting. The first, is to get the bill discounted through a bank in the importer’s country. The foreign currency so obtained can be repatriated at the spot rate prevailing then. The second option Continue reading

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Basics of Cash Management – Cash Management Functions

Cash management is one of the key areas of working capital management.  Cash is the most liquid current assets.  Cash is the common denominator to which all current assets can be reduced because the other major liquid assets, i.e. receivable and inventory get eventually converted into cash.  This underlines the importance of cash management. Read More: The Concept of Cash Management The term “Cash” with reference to management of cash is used in two ways.  In a narrow sense cash refers to coins, currency, cheques, drafts and deposits in banks.  The broader view of cash includes near cash assets such as marketable securities and time deposits in banks. The reason why these near cash assets are included in cash is that they can readily be converted into cash.  Usually, excess cash is invested in marketable securities as it contributes to profitability. Cash is one of the most important components of Continue reading

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Sub Categories of Active Equity Management

Some of the major sub categories of the two major style of active equity management (top down and bottom up) are listed below; Growth managers: Growth managers can be classified as either top-down or bottom-up. The growth managers are either divided into large capitalization or small capitalization. The growth managers buy securities that are typically selling at relatively high P/E ratios, due to high earnings growth rate, with the expectation of continued high earnings growth. The portfolios are characterized by high P/E ratios, high returns, and relatively low dividend yields. Market timers: The market timer is typically a set category of top-down investment style and comes in many varieties. The basic assumption is that he can forecast the market i.e. when it will go up or down. In the sense he market timer is not too distant than the technical analyst. The portfolio is not fully invested in equities. Rather Continue reading

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Importance and need of merchant banking in India

Important reasons for the growth of merchant banks has been development activities throughout the country, exerting excess demand on the sources of fund for ever expanding industries and trade, thus leaving a widening gap unabridged between the supply and demand of invisible funds. All financial institutions had experienced constrain of resources to meet ever increasing demands for demands for funds frame corporate sector enterprises. In such circumstances corporate sector had the only alternative to avail of the capital market service for meeting their long term financial requirement through capital issue of equity shares and debentures. Growing demand for funds put pressure on capital market that enthused commercial banks, share brokers and financial consultancy firms to enter into the field of merchant banking and share the growing capital market. As a result all the commercial banks in nationalized and public sector as well as in private sector including foreign banks in Continue reading

Abey Francis