Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

Kaizen – Understanding the Japanese Business Philosophy of Continuous Improvement

Operations Management

Role of Leaders in Shaping Organizational Culture

Management Principles

Organizational Culture – Development and Importance

Management Principles

Five Important Organizational Cultural Models

Management Principles

Foreign Exchange Department of Banks

The Foreign Exchange department, which is also being called as the International Banking Division, is one of the important departments of the banks operating in international market. In India also all scheduled commercial banks, both in the nationalized or non-nationalized sectors, do have Foreign Exchange departments, both at their principal offices as well as offices, in metropolitan centers. This department functions independently under the overall change of some senior executive or a senior officer well-versed in foreign exchange operations as well as in the rules and regulations in force from time to time pertaining to foreign exchange transactions advised by various government agencies. The principal function of a Foreign exchange department is to handle foreign inward remittances as well as outward remittances; buying and selling of foreign currencies, handling and forwarding of import and export documents and giving the consultancy services to the exporters and importers. Besides this, the department Continue reading

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Balanced Scorecard (BSC) – A Strategic Management Tool

In the late 1980s, organisations started realizing that, in order to assess the overall health  and performance of the organisation, it was important to measure and manage non-financial  measures also in addition to the traditional financial measures such as profits,  share values, sales volumes etc. Traditional financial measures are usually the lag  indicators of the business performance and tell the story of the past. They do not provide  any insight into the intangible assets and capabilities that need to be developed in order to  be able to achieve the desired financial results. For example, front-line workers in a  manufacturing set up are far removed from these financial measures and have no idea  about how their day to day work translates into financial results. Thus, financial measures  fail in assessing the intangible value possessed by the organisation or the value it can  create. They can also fail the knowledge based strategies Continue reading

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Value Investing Demystified: How to Spot Undervalued Stocks

In the fast-paced world of financial markets, finding opportunities that promise growth and value is a challenge many investors face. One avenue that stands the test of time is value investing, a strategy rooted in fundamental analysis and a patient approach. While there’s a plethora of investment options available today, including options like Altrix Sync, one must not overlook the timeless wisdom of identifying undervalued stocks. In this article, we will demystify the art of value investing and shed light on how to spot those hidden gems within the stock market. Understanding Value Investing Value investing is a philosophy that goes beyond the buzz and hype often associated with stock markets. It focuses on finding stocks that are trading below their intrinsic value, offering a margin of safety for investors. Unlike speculators who chase market trends and short-term gains, value investors adopt a long-term perspective, seeking out companies with strong Continue reading

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International Commercial Payments

International commercial payments may be broadly grouped into the following categories: (1) cash, (2) open accounts, (3) bills of exchange, and (4) letters of credit. 1. Cash Cash is both a method of payment and a term of payment, but as a method of payment it is rarely used in international marketing. As a method of payment, the international marketing firm may use cheques like domestic trade. If accounts are maintained in banks in various countries, cheques may be drawn and paid in a variety of currencies or cash may be remitted by means of an international money order for small amounts. Banks in India have deposit accounts abroad, and foreign banks have deposit accounts in Indian banks. Funds may be paid from any of these accounts for purposes of financing trade, yet an exporter in India receives rupees for the merchandise that is sold, regardless of whether the price Continue reading

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Global Functional Structure of MNE’s

An organization based on functions is the traditional and the most logical. International Functional structure of Multinational  Enterprises,  involve grouping together functionally like-activities along functional lines like marketing, R&D, production, etc and place them under specialist classes of personnel. Functional heads of foreign affiliates communicate to and get communication from same functional specialists at the parent concern. Marketing people of the foreign affiliate report to marketing people of the parent or their order. Finance people of the foreign affiliate report to finance people of the parent or their order and so on. But a firm offering many product lines will find this structure less successful. Following figure gives a simple model of Global Functional Structure. Merits of the Global Functional Structure Some advantages of the functional structure are: The structure is simple and clear, making communication lines distinct and direct Reduces overhead Provides clearly marked career paths for hiring and Continue reading

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Line and Staff Organization – Meaning, Features, and Advantages

A line and staff organization is a mixture of the line as well as staff organization. Line organization points out direct vertical relationships, i.e., superior-subordinate relationship connecting the positions at each level. It forms a chain of command or hierarchy of authority on scalar principles. A line relationship is simply known as a relationship of authority between the superior and subordinates in a hierarchical arrangement. The direct line superior has control over his immediate subordinates.   In this case, authority flows downward and accountability goes upward in a straight line. The work also flows in a direct line. The line offices are responsible for accomplishing basic objectives, so that they can issue orders and implement plans and policies with the help of their subordinates. They are authorized to maintain discipline. The line organization maintains direct communication from the higher to lower levels and vice versa. If it is useful for Continue reading

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