Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

Kaizen – Understanding the Japanese Business Philosophy of Continuous Improvement

Operations Management

Role of Leaders in Shaping Organizational Culture

Management Principles

Organizational Culture – Development and Importance

Management Principles

Five Important Organizational Cultural Models

Management Principles

Porter’s Five Forces Analysis of Red Bull

An Austrian Company created Red Bull back in 1987. Red Bull is an energy drink and is also the worlds most popular energy drink, having sold 4.6 billion cans in 2011. The drink was first sold in Thailand and then modified to suit the tastes of people in the United States. A single can of Red Bull has the same amount of as a cup of coffee. Depending on the country, the level of caffeine in a can of Red Bill can vary, as some countries have restrictions on how much caffeine is allowed in drinks. The product is marketed through advertising events such as sport team ownerships, celebrity endorsements, and music. Unfortunately, Red Bull is not market approved in France, Denmark, and Norway. But Red Bull is legal in 164 countries around the world. Due to the potential health risks associated with the drink, Red Bull has been heavily Continue reading

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Extreme Programming (XP) Methodology

Extreme Programming (XP) is a software engineering methodology that has been formulated in 1996 by Kent Beck. It is a lightweight development methodology, XP is one of several popular agile processes. Extreme Programming has received fair media attention, and is most renowned for its practices that are sometimes regarded as controversial, such as pair programming and test-driven development. It has already been proven to be very successful because it reaches to the customer satisfaction. Instead of delivering everything at the same time the XP focus on some date far in the future, this process delivers the software you need as you need it, in other words Extreme Programming empowers the developers to confidently respond to changing customer requirements, even late in the project development life cycle. The philosophy of Extreme Programming is teamwork, in other words Managers, Customers and Developers are all equal partners in a collaborative team. The implement Continue reading

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Equi-Marginal Principle in Managerial Economics

Equi-marginal principle in managerial economics deals with the allocation of the available resource among the alternative activities. According to equi-marginal principle, an input should be allocated in such a way that the value added by the last unit is the same in all cases. Suppose a firm has 100 units of labor at its disposal. The firm is engaged in four activities, which need labor services, viz., A, B, C and D. It can enhance any one of these activities by adding more labor but sacrificing in return the cost of other activities. If the value of the marginal product is higher in one activity than another, then it should be assumed that an optimum allocation has not been attained. Hence it would, be profitable to shift labor from low marginal value activity to high marginal value activity, thus increasing the total value of all products taken together. For example, Continue reading

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Major Risks in Foreign Exchange Dealings

Forex Risk Management Foreign Exchange risks also known as exposures can be termed as an agreed, projected or contingent cash flow whose scale is not certain at the moment. The magnitude depends on the value of the changes in the foreign exchange rates which in turn depends on various variables such as the interest rate parity, purchasing power parity, speculations and government policies on exchange rates. The following are the major risks in foreign exchange dealings; Open Position Risk Cash Balance Risk Maturity Mismatches Risk Credit Risk Country Risk Overtrading Risk Fraud Risk, and Operational Risks 1. Open Position Risk The open position risk or the position risk refers to the risk of change in exchange rates affecting the overbought or oversold position in foreign currency held by a bank. Hence, this can also be called the rate risk. The risk can be avoided by keeping the position in foreign Continue reading

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Financial Statements – Definition and Meaning

Past events and performances serve as background for making projections if they are to be realistic. The financial statements provide important information  concerning past financial transactions and their effects om the  profitability and the financial position of the business. Various users of financial statements such as owners, investors, creditors, management etc. must make an analysis of financial statements to make right decision. Therefore financial statements are the means of conveying to owners, management or to interested outsiders a concise picture of profitability and financial position of the business. Financial statements are the end products of the  accounting process  which give a concise accounting information of the period after the accounting period is over. Financial statements are the summary reports of a company’s financial transactions during a given period of time. A firm communicates to the users through financial statements and reports.  The financial statements contain summarized information of the firm’s Continue reading

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Case Study: The Business Strategy of Apple

Apple Inc is a multinational American company that design and sells computer software, consumer gadgets and personal computers. It was co-founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne. Apple Inc is well-known for being innovative as they kept on producing new innovations from the first Apple computer Macintosh to the more recent iPhone and iPad series. Today Apple Inc. is very well known in the world because of their advanced technology in products such as iPods, iPhone, Macbooks, Apple TV and other professional software. All the high tech products provide consumers with a better living standard in many different ways. Moreover, Apple Inc’s dominant position in the global market has changed the trend of consumer usage of electronic appliances such as in virtual communication. People will never need to carry multiple devices where each one only offers a handful of functions. Furthermore, Apple also created a substantial value in Continue reading

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