Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

Kaizen – Understanding the Japanese Business Philosophy of Continuous Improvement

Operations Management

Role of Leaders in Shaping Organizational Culture

Management Principles

Organizational Culture – Development and Importance

Management Principles

Five Important Organizational Cultural Models

Management Principles

Pricing Concept in Marketing Management

Price is one of the important variables in the marketing mix. Its importance has increased substantially over the years because of the environmental factors like recession, intensity in inter- firm rivalry and the customer becoming more aware of alternatives. Firms also have to educate customers on what to look for in the product & many of the buyers today use sophisticated methods in collecting information on suppliers just as the latter do. In order to arrive at the most acceptable price level, the marketer needs to have information on the three C’s– customers, competition & firm’s cost structure. It should be able to use this information to achieve its goals. In the contemporary market environment characterized by increasing inter—firm rivalry, low or no government intervention in corporate decisions, improvements in communications & media and a growing concern to retain wholesalers & retailers to market the firm’s products, pricing decisions appear Continue reading

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Inflation in India – Causes, Measurement, Problems and Counter Measures

Knowing Inflation By inflation one generally means rise in prices. To be more correct inflation is persistent rise in the general price level rather than a once-for-all rise in it, while deflation is persistent falling price. A situation is described as inflationary when either the prices or the supply of money are rising, but in practice both will rise together. These days economies of all countries whether underdeveloped, developing as well developed suffers from inflation. Inflation or persistent rising prices are major problem today in world. Because of many reasons, first, the rate of inflation these years are much high than experienced earlier periods. Second, Inflation in these years coexists with high rate of unemployment, which is a new phenomenon and made it difficult to control inflation. An inflationary situation is where there is ‘too much money chasing too few goods’. As products/services are scarce in relation to the money Continue reading

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Organizational Reflection

A successful organization can be described as thinking and seeing organization. Such organizations are characterized by high levels of information flow and awareness among all its members. The availability of information improves the awareness and understanding of organizational weaknesses, strengths, threats and opportunities. The organization members are also able to understand the history and strategic future plans for their organization as well as full awareness of the resources within the organization and the changing competitor environment. On the other hand, a thinking organization is an understanding organization that has a well stipulated vision, mission, objectives and the business environment that are well understood by all the stakeholders. Many organizational businesses collapse because they lack both foresight and hind sight necessary for understanding the current position of the organization. In ensuring an organization adopts the thinking and seeing style, reflection must become a part of the organizational practices and culture. Reflection Continue reading

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The Role of Portfolio Management in an Efficient Market

You have learned that a basic principle in portfolio management is the  diversification of securities. Even if all stocks are priced fairly, each still poses firm-specific risk that can be eliminated through diversification. Therefore, rational security selection, even in an efficient market, calls for the selection of a well-diversified portfolio, providing the systematic risk level that the investor wants. Even in an efficient market investors must choose the risk-return profiles they deem appropriate. The efficient market hypothesis (EMH) states that a market is efficient if security prices immediately and fully reflect all available relevant information.   If the market fully reflects information, the knowledge of that information would not allow an investor to profit from the information because stock prices already incorporate the information.  In an efficient market, no securities are consistently over-priced or under-priced.   While some securities will turn out after any investment period to have provided positive Continue reading

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Demand-Pull and Cost-Push Inflation

The term ‘inflation’ is used in many senses and it is difficult to give a generally accepted, precise and scientific definition of the term. Popularly, inflation refers to a rise in price level. Read More: Definition of Inflation and it’s Types Causes and Effects of Inflation The Stages of Inflation Keynesian View of Inflation Effects of Inflation on Different Groups of Society We can distinguish between two kinds of inflation on the basis of their causes, viz., demand-pull and cost-push inflation. Demand-Pull Inflation The most common cause for inflation is the pressure of ever-rising demand on a stagnant or less rapidly increasing supply of goods and services. The expansion in aggregate demand may be due to rapidly increasing private investment or expanding government expenditure for war or economic development. At a time when demand is expanding and exerting pressure on prices,  attempts  are made to expand production. However, this may Continue reading

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Meaning and Definitions of Job Satisfaction

Job satisfaction is a feeling that can produce a positive or negative effect toward one’s roles and responsibilities at work and it is important to understand the concept of job satisfaction as there is no single way to satisfy all workers in the workplace. Also, job satisfaction is the positive attitude towards ones job and it is the combination of feelings and beliefs, which include the mental, emotional, and physical domains. Job satisfaction can also be defined as a worker’s emotional response to different job related factors resulting in finding pleasure, comfort, confidence, rewards, personal growth and various positive opportunities, including upward mobility, recognition and appraisal done on a merit pattern with monetary value as compensation. Another definition is that job satisfaction is reflected as an employee’s general affective assessment of himself/herself in the context of his or her job. Some more definitions are listed below; Job satisfaction is defined Continue reading

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