Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

Kaizen – Understanding the Japanese Business Philosophy of Continuous Improvement

Operations Management

Role of Leaders in Shaping Organizational Culture

Management Principles

Organizational Culture – Development and Importance

Management Principles

Five Important Organizational Cultural Models

Management Principles

Job Rotation – Definition, Objectives, Benefits and Importance

Job Rotation is a management approach where employees are shifted between two or more assignments or jobs at regular intervals of time in order to expose them to all verticals of an organization. It is a pre-planned approach with an objective to test the employee skills and competencies in order to place him or her at the right place. In addition to it, it reduces the monotony of the job and gives them a wider experience and helps them gain more insights. Job rotation is a well-planned practice to reduce the boredom of doing same type of job everyday and explore the hidden potential of an employee. The process serves the purpose of both the management and the employees. It helps management in discovering the talent of employees and determining what he or she is best at. On the other hand, it gives an individual a chance to explore his Continue reading

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Concept of Bridge Finance

Bridge financing  is a method of  financing, used to maintain  liquidity  while waiting for an anticipated and reasonably expected  inflow of cash. Bridge financing is commonly used when the cash flow from a sale of an asset is expected after the cash outlay for the purchase of an  asset. For example, when selling a  house, the owner may not receive the cash for 90 days, but has already purchased a new home and must pay for it in 30 days. Bridge financing covers the 60 day gap in cash flows. Another type of bridge financing is used by companies before their  initial public offering, to obtain necessary cash for the maintenance of operations. These funds are usually supplied by the  investment bank  underwriting  the new issue. As payment, the company acquiring the bridge financing will give a number of  stocks  at a  discount  of the issue price to the underwriters Continue reading

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Managing Director (MD) under Companies Act

Section 2(26) of the Companies Act, 1956 defines a managing director as, “a director who, by virtue of  an agreement with the company, or of a resolution passed by the company in general meeting, or by its  Board of Directors, or by virtue of its Memorandum or Articles of Association, is entrusted with  substantial powers of management which would not otherwise be exercisable by him, and includes a  director occupying the position of a managing director, by whatever name called.” From the above definition it is clear that a managing director is also a director, but he enjoys  substantial powers to act as the chief executive under the control and supervision of the Board. Thus, he  is both a director and manager. As a director he takes a seat in the Board meeting and participates in the  policy-making function. As a manager or chief executive, he is responsible for the Continue reading

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Case Study: BMW’s “The Hire” Ad Film Camapaign

BMW (Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft)  is one of the world’s leading luxury carmakers. Founded and based in the Germany, BMW group employed over 100,000 people, making and distributing a series of successful, premium-priced passenger cars and motorcycles. In addition to its manufacturing operations, BMW also provides financial services to support its worldwide sales and distribution of cars and motorcycles. BMW was initially established to build aero engines during the First World War. By 1945, company was still country’s leading aero engine manufacturer. But by 1928, BMW has also started making cars, when it got the license. It was later when BMW became one the biggest automobiles maker in Germany. But after the Second World War, company was laid into ruins. The demand for aero engines subsequently disappeared. Its factories and other capital equipment, which were located in area now controlled by Soviets, were under serious threat. At this point of Continue reading

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Definition of Arbitrage and Its Types

Sometimes companies deal in foreign exchange to make a profit, even though the transaction is not connected to any other business purpose, such as trade flows or investment flows. Usually, however, this type of foreign exchange activities is more likely to be persuaded by foreign exchange traders and investors. One type of profit  seeking activity is arbitrage, which is the purchase of foreign currency on one market for immediate resale on another market (in a different country) in order to profit from a price discrepancy.   Hence, arbitrage may be defined as an operation that consists in deriving a profit without risk from a differential existing between different quoted rates. It may result from two currencies (also known as geographical arbitrage) or from three currencies (also known as triangular arbitrage). Interest arbitrage involves investing in foreign-bearing instruments in foreign exchange in an effort to earn a profit due to interest Continue reading

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Cryptocurrency – Meaning and How it Works

Cryptocurrency is an online digital and virtual currency which only exists electronically where it is designed to be secure and anonymous. This online currency can be offered as a medium of exchange that operates independently of a central bank. Being independent is a massive attraction for many people as it won’t have any government tampering as there is no central controlling authority. Users on the network would confirm every transaction which then become  a public record. This helps prevents the same digital/virtual currency from being spent more than once by the same individual. The ever-fast-moving market of cryptocurrency with exchange rates that can dramatically change by day or even sometimes by the hour Is quite a difficult market to understand. In the 90’s they were many attempts to create digital currencies but most of them failed due to reasons such as fraud and financial difficulties. However, in 2009 an anonymous Continue reading

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