Case Study on Entrepreneurship: Larry Page

Business Analysis

The Boundaryless Career: Modern Contemperory Perspective on Career

Human Resource Management

Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

Kaizen – Understanding the Japanese Business Philosophy of Continuous Improvement

Operations Management

Role of Leaders in Shaping Organizational Culture

Management Principles

Managerial Ethics and Social Responsibilities

Managerial Ethics The term ‘ethics’ refers to value-oriented decisions and behaviour. The word ethics comes from the Greek root, ethros, meaning character, giving beliefs, standards, or deals that pervade a group, a community or an individual. Today ethics is the study of moral behaviour–the study of how the standards of moral conduct among the individuals are established and expressed behaviourally. Terms such as business ethics, corporate ethics, medical ethics, or legal ethics are used to indicate the particular area of application. But to have meaning, the ethics involved in each area must still refer to the value-oriented decisions and behaviour of individuals. Ethics refer to a set of moral principles, which should pay a very significant role in guiding the conduct of managers and employees in the operation of any enterprise. Ethics is concerned with what is right and what is wrong is human behaviour. It is normative and prescriptive, Continue reading

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Role and Functions of Organization Culture in an Organization

The organizational culture is the general term for organizations of all members of the commonly accepted values, codes of conduct, team spirit, way of thinking, work style, psychological expectations and feelings of belonging sense of community. The corporate culture is the traditional atmosphere of a company culture, it means that the company values, such as aggressive, defensive or flexible – these values constitute of company employees vitality, opinions and behavior norms. Managers personally, these norms and instill in employees from generation to generation. Also the corporate culture is a mix of economic significance and cultural significance, refers to the formation of values in the corporate world, the code of conduct in the crowd and community cultural influences. It does not refer to the cultivation of knowledge, but rather refers to the attitude of the people of knowledge; than profit, but profit mental; than interpersonal relationships, but interpersonal life skills embodied Continue reading

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Floating or Flexible Exchange Rate System

A floating or flexible exchange rate system is one in which the exchange rate between currencies is determined purely by supply and demand of the currencies without any government intervention. The rates depend on the flow of money between the countries, which may either result due to international trade in goods or services, or due to purely financial flows. Hence in case of a deficit or surplus in the balance of payments, the exchange rates get automatically adjusted and this leads to a correction of the imbalance. In a floating exchange rate system, economic parameters like price level changes, interest differentials, economic growth and government policies have an impact on the exchange rate as these factors influence the supply and demand of currencies. A purely floating exchange rate system is more of a theoretical benchmark rather than reality in practice. Most economies fall in between the two extremes — a Continue reading

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Political Environment of International Business

Political factors constitute an important environment factor in International Business. Actually politics and economics are inter-related as one influences the other. That was the reason for early writers of Economics preferred to caption their work as Political Economy. Political system, political parties in power, political parties in the opposition, political maturity of the parties, number of political parties, political awareness of people, political stability and the like have great impact on the business environment in a country. The economic policies pursued by a Government are to a great extent the by-product of political environment that impacts businesses very often. Basic Political Ideologies Political ideology refers to, ‘the body of ideas, theories, aims and means to execute the ideas, adapt the theories and fulfill the aims that constitute a sociopolitical programme for action’. Depending on the mix of different ‘ideas, theories, aims and means’, there exists Pluralism, Democracy and Totalitarianism as Continue reading

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Recent Developments in International Financial Markets

Recent financial market developments have also blurred the distinction between different segments of the financial markets. Creditors and investors now compete with each other for good financial transactions. In addition, borrowers can now structure the best deals available in the entire market rather than focusing on specific market segments. By borrowing in the most accessible financial market segment and then swapping aspects of the debt to other markets, successful borrowers tailor the currency, cost, maturity, and form of their financial transactions to their financial needs. These developments in international financial markets do entail some adverse consequences for developing country borrowers. Lenders and investors can be more selective in choosing their financial transactions, using swaps and other hedging techniques to pass on unacceptable risks. Given the present shortage of available financing, securitization provides flexibility and more accessible financing to creditworthy borrowers, limiting the options available to less creditworthy borrowers, such as Continue reading

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Dollar Market: Some Basics

The US financial market or dollar market is the largest and the most versatile financial system in the world. It has the broadest range of funding options to offer and some of the most sophisticated and innovative financial institutions. The importance of this market is further enhanced by the dominant role played by the US dollar as the vehicle currency in international transactions, though over the years this has declined somewhat. At the same time, it is not a market that is readily accessible to borrowers from developing countries like India except perhaps those with the highest ratings and sovereign guarantees. In some ways the US financial system is perhaps the freest system. Institutions enjoy complete operational freedom in terms of products and instruments offered, pricing, etc. In other ways, it is subject to a host of supervisory regulations both, from the Federal and State authorities. The core of this Continue reading

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