Quality Control and Pre-shipment Inspection for Exports

In today’s sophisticated world market, a product can move with any measure of success only if it is competitive enough in price and quality. Our export can be sustained and improved only be raising the quality of our product as it would be very difficult to reduce the price in our present day high-cost economy, with a view to achieve this objective of raising the quality of our export products, the Government of India enacted the legislation entitled “The Export (Quality Control and Inspection) Act” in the year 1963, and the Export Inspection Council was also set up with effect from 1st January, 1964. The main function of the Export Inspection Council is to advise the government with regard to measures to be taken for quality control and pre-shipment inspection of exportable commodities. No Consignment of any notified commodity can be exported unless it is accompanied by a certificate issued Continue reading

Case Study: Samsung’s Innovation Strategy

The success of Samsung has been widely acknowledged in the last decade. Samsung, the world’s largest television producer and second largest mobile phone manufacturer, is also the largest firm of flash memory maker. Furthermore, Samsung was ranked by Fast Company Magazine to be third most innovative company in the consumer electronics. The company grew from a local industrial leader into a worldwide consumer electronics brand, with up to 261,000 employees, 14 public listed companies, 470 offices and facilities in 67 countries. Samsung was ranked as 11th world’s most innovative companies. It is one of the two Korean companies in the Top 20 companies. While Sony, the Japan’s biggest consumer electronics, was ranked as 10th, only one position above Samsung. This has brought questions among management gurus how this growing company could drive innovation to create success within a short time and remain innovative despite the difficulties of internationalization. In addition, Continue reading

Modes of Short-Term Working Capital Financing

The excess of the amount of working capital over permanent working capital is known as variable or short-term working capital. The amount of such working capital keeps on fluctuating from time to time on the basis of business activities. It may again be sub-divided into seasonal and special working capital. Seasonal working capital is required to meet the seasonal demands of busy periods occurring at stated intervals. On the other hand, special working capital is required to meet extra-ordinary needs for contingencies. The main sources of short-term working capital are as follows: 1. Indigenous Bankers Private moneylenders and other country bankers used to be the only source of finance prior to the establishment of commercial banks. They used to charge very high rates of interest and exploited the customers to the largest extent possible. Now a day with the development of commercial banks they have lost their monopoly. But even Continue reading

Knowledge-Sharing Dilemmas in Organizations

Information being exchanged amongst the workers of an organisation is a system that has been an essential constituent of the procedure of knowledge management. With the introduction of the contemporary information and communications technology within corporations, it has become very convenient and has also become a valuable support function to make such exchanges possible by reducing the obstructions of time and distance. On the other hand, those corporations that have invested in technologies of this kind are frequently faced with the complications of inducing the workers to utilize the purpose of those technologies in order to communicate their knowledge and perceptions. The knowledge share/hoard predicament is a socio-psychological behavior aspect that describes that employees feel the need to not share information or organisational knowledge that they posses because it may eventually harm their own status within the organisation or by sharing knowledge may therefore provide a competitive advantage to their Continue reading

Factors Affecting the Exchange Rate of Indian Rupee

As we know that Forex market for Indian currency is highly volatile where one cannot forecast exchange rate easily, there is a mechanism which works behind the determination of exchange rate. One of the most important factors, which affect exchange rate, is demand and supply of domestic and foreign currency. There are some other factors also, which are having major impact on the exchange rate determination. After studying research reports on relationship between Rupee and Dollar of last four years we identified some factors, which have been segregated under four heads. These are: Market Situations. Economic Factors. Political Factors. Special Factors. 1. Market Situations: India follows the “floating rate system” for determining exchange rate. In this system “market situation” also is pivot for determining exchange rate. As we know that 90% of the Forex market is between the inter-bank transactions. So how the banks are taking the decision for settling Continue reading

Changes in the Indian Secondary Market Regulations

The Indian securities market is in transition. Several important changes were brought for the smooth and effective functioning of stock exchanges from the time to time by the SEBI. The revolutionary changes have been taking place over a period of time. In fact, on almost all the operational and systematic risk management parameters, settlement system, disclosures, accounting standards, the Indian securities market is at par with the global standards. Some of those initiatives taken place in the secondary market are discussed below: Overall administration, supervision and control of the stock exchanges: The central government for the first time in April 1988 constituted an administrative body viz. securities and exchange board of India and in January 1992, the central government enacted an Act granting a statutory recognition to the securities and exchange board of India as a regulator of the securities/ markets. The governing board of the council to be consisting Continue reading