Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

Kaizen – Understanding the Japanese Business Philosophy of Continuous Improvement

Operations Management

Role of Leaders in Shaping Organizational Culture

Management Principles

Organizational Culture – Development and Importance

Management Principles

Five Important Organizational Cultural Models

Management Principles

What is Return on Investment (ROI)?

Return on Investment (ROI) refers to a well-known financial metric commonly used to analyze the financial results which arise from personal investments as well as deeds. A number of varying metrics are basically known by the same definition. Normally used as a cash flow metric, the Return on Investment particularly makes a comparison of the scale as well as scheduling of investment gains which are matched directly to the scale and scheduling of costs involved. In any situation where the ROI is seen to post a high rate, it implies that the gains which have been made compare well with the costs that had been incurred. Return on Investment (ROI) = (Net Profit or Gain / Cost of Investment) * 100 Return on Investment has grown into a well-known concept within the past few decades mostly as an all-purpose metric for analyzing capital attainments, business initiatives, and conservative fiscal investments. These Continue reading

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New Roles of Human Resource Managers in Business Development

A great team of working professionals in an organization cannot be possible without the human resources. The main contribution of HR management to organizations are hiring and training the workforce, takes care of the performance management system, helps in building culture and values, manages conflict, and most importantly developing good relations. Human resources managers promote, recommend on, and implement plan associated to the usage of employees within an organisation effectively.  They are the most qualified and skilled people into the organisation to make a difference in enhancing the productivity of the employee and the organization. Their desire is to assure that the organisation hires the suitable people in terms of skills and experience, and that training and development opportunities are accessible to personnel to boost their achievement and attain the goals in the organization. HR officers are responsible in a range of activities needed by the organisation such as working Continue reading

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The Clients of Asset Management Firms

Typically, asset management firms are categorized according to the kind of clients they serve. Clients generally fall into one of three categories: (1) mutual funds (or retail), (2) institutional investors, or (3) high net worth. Some firms specialize in one of the three components, but most participate in all three. Asset management firms usually assemble these three areas as distinct and separate divisions within the company. It is critical that you understand the differences between these client types; job descriptions vary depending on the client type. For instance, a portfolio manager for high-net-worth individuals has an inherently different focus than one representing institutional clients. A marketing professional working for a mutual fund has a vastly different job than one handling pensions for an investment management firm. 1. Mutual Funds Mutual funds are investment vehicles for individual investors who are typically below the status of high net worth (we will discuss Continue reading

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Divestitures in Business – Concept, Reasons, and Benefits

In the modern world, so many organizations are using several strategies to enhance their performance and improve their competitive advantages. Some of the mostly relied on strategies are divestitures or mergers & acquisitions. The two though somehow different have some similarities. Mergers and Acquisitions refers to two companies combining together to form a single entity or one parent company absorbing another company and completely eliminating the entity of the target company to incorporate its operations in the parent company. Divestitures or rather divestment on the other hand is the opposite of investment and refers to the reduction/addition of the firm’s partial assets or complete sale of an existing business by a firm due to some ethical or business reasons. One of the reasons behind the above corporate strategies is to increase the firm’s chances of survival in a market environment characterized by many competitors and in particular perfect market industry. This is Continue reading

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Reasons and Advantages of Using Special Purpose Vehicles in Project Financing

A special purpose vehicle refers to a firm whose operations are limited to the acquisition and financing of specific assets or projects. SPVs are usually established as subsidiaries whose assets and liabilities are structured in a manner that makes their obligations secure irrespective of the financial difficulties of their parent companies. Thus, a special purpose vehicle will be necessary to generate adequate funds to complete the project. Project financing refers to the raising of funds on a limited recourse basis for the purposes of developing a large-scale capital intensive project through a special purpose vehicle. Generally, the borrowed funds are often repaid using the revenue from the project. Reasons of Using SPVs in Project Financing One of the main reasons for using SPVs is to share the risks associated with implementing large-scale infrastructure projects with the financiers. SPVs are often formed as independent legal entities with several shareholders. The common Continue reading

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International Marketing Communication – Key Issues and Challenges

When first starting-up an organization, launching a new product or service or simply reminding customers that the organization exists, firms need to educate consumers. This education comes in the form of marketing communication, which is otherwise known as promotion. Promotion is an organization’s articulation of messages it wants to send to target audiences to achieve business objectives. The promotion mix or integrated marketing communications (IMC) consists of advertising, sales promotion, trade shows, personal selling, direct selling and public relations. Without doubt, investment in one or more of these methods of communication will increase the firm’s costs, and for this investment to be a profitable one, the marketer must know the purpose of promotion. The Chartered Institute of Marketing claims that “the purpose of any form of marketing communication is to provide a set of information to your target audience in a way that encourages a positive, or buying, response. The Continue reading

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