Case Study: American Express “Do More” Advertising Campaign

American Express had built its reputation as a prestigious charge card. In 1976 the company began its famed ‘‘Do You Know Me?’’ campaign in which celebrities ranging from dancer Mikhail Baryshnikov to puppeteer Jim Henson appeared in ads that pictured them and an AmEx Green Card bearing their names. In 1987 the ‘‘Portraits’’ campaign followed a similar formula. By aligning the brand with stars, AmEx cultivated the notion that carrying one of its cards was more akin to joining an elite country club than making a financial transaction. As later ads sniffed, ‘‘membership has its privileges.’’ In the 1980s, however, AmEx’s careful positioning began to backfire. According to Brandweek, while AmEx ‘‘clung to its old, elite ways,’’ the credit card industry went through monumental changes. With so many cards vying for consumers’ attention, Visa and MasterCard (specifically, the member banks that comprised the Visa and MasterCard consortia) began to cross-market Continue reading

Entrepreneurship Characteristics

The process of discovering new venture with creativity and innovation is called entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship requires assumption of risk and reaping of awards. It brings resources together and provides option for self-employment to an individual. Entrepreneurship also creates employment opportunity for others. Entrepreneurship is a mind set of creativity and risk taking. It is a process of identifying opportunities and bringing together factors of production to exploit these opportunities. Entrepreneurship results in creation of new venture by planning, organizing, operating and assuming the risk. It always aims for innovation, profitability and growth. The entrepreneurial spirit has appeared as the engine of economic development. Entrepreneurship has resulted in millions of new ventures in the world. Entrepreneurship has appeared as the driving force for industrial and economic development. Therefore, the interest in the concept of entrepreneurship is growing in today’s world. Entrepreneurship has the following characteristics: Creating New Venture – Entrepreneurship is concerned Continue reading

Stage Gate Process by Robert Cooper Explained

Entrepreneurs use a set of approaches and tools to assess the viability and potential of ideas and profit from them by developing and launching products. Cooper’s Stage Gate Process is one such approach that is key to any product or service in the commercial or non-commercial sector. Cooper’s Stage Gate Process is critical to the processes and performance of an organization as it reduces production errors and therefore saves the company from losses. Cooper’s Stage Gate Process is one of the most frequently used tools in the project development process. This model is based on the fact that any project is broken down into stages that make up a cascade, and to move from one stage to another, managers must go through the “gate”. These gates are critical points for deciding whether to proceed to the next stage. Simultaneously, decisions made at these gates have such options as “go”, “kill”, Continue reading

Role of Supply Side Policies in Balanced Economic Growth

The government has a responsibility for delivering public goods optimally for the collective development of all individuals. In the quest to achieve this noble course, supply side policies, which form part of macroeconomic strategies, are developed to ensure that markets and industries function in an efficient way to increase the rate of economic growth as reflected in the real national yield.  Many governments support the assertion that they can achieve a sustained economic growth by improving supply side operations without causing an increase in inflation. However, reforms on the supply side policies do not facilitate the achievement of adequate growth. Definition and Explanation of Balanced Economic Growth Although the growth rate does not reflect people’s living standards entirely, economic growth has been one of the critical areas of consideration for every nation that is in the process of developing its economic policies. Indeed, economic growth is the most common approach Continue reading

System Development Life Cycle

To understand system development, we need to recognize that a candidate system has a life cycle, much like a living system or a new product. Systems analysis and design are based to the system life cycle. According to Dennis, Wixom, and Tegarden(2009) “the systems development life cycle (SDLC) is the process of understanding how an information system (IS) can support business needs by designing a system, building it, and delivering it to users.”  The stages are described below. The analyst must progress from one stage to another methodically, answering key questions and achieving results in each stage. Step 1: Recognition of Need — What is the Problem? One must know what the problem is before it can be solved. The basis for a candidate system is recognition of a need for improving an information system or a procedure. For example, a supervisor may want to investigate the system flow in Continue reading

An Introduction to Affiliate Marketing – Steps and Strategies

One of the easiest forms of online marketing is affiliate marketing. It is a marketing strategy where a merchant or a business house pays an affiliate for making a sale of their products and services. In short affiliate marketing means redirecting or referring a customer to a product or service that the affiliate marketer recommends with the intention of converting him into a client. The affiliate marketer is paid on the basis of the sales he or she generates for the company or the business house. The four main people involved in affiliate marketing are the seller/company/business house/brand, the affiliate or the network which promotes the product, the publisher and the customer. There are also secondary players involved in this game of affiliate marketing. They are the affiliate management agencies, the super affiliates and the specialized third party vendors or sellers. Affiliate marketing and internet marketing do overlap at times Continue reading