Data Processing Operations

A data processing procedure normally consists of a number of basic processing operations performed in some order (not necessarily the order of their description below). The means of performing the processing operation vary according to whether manual, electro-mechanical, or electronic methods are used. Many business find that the best solution to their processing requirements is to use a combination of methods; e.g., manual may be used for small-volume jobs while computers may be used for large-volume tasks. Recording. Recording refers to the transfer of data onto some form of documents. It relates to the documentation of intermediate figures and facts and resulting from calculations. For example, in computing gross pay, the numbers of hours worked are multiplied by the hourly rate to arrive at gross pay. Gross pay is an intermediate step which is retained temporarily for late use. Verifying. Since recording is usually a manual operation, it is important Continue reading

Business-Government Relationships – Meaning, Advantages, and Disadvantages

The success of any business around the world depends on a wide-range of factors, some of which may be from the internal or external business environment. For this reason, business owners and managers have no option but to try and understand the underlying factors, which are essential in defining the progress and future performance of the business. From the manner in which a firm treats its customers, to its relationship with internal stakeholders, it is necessary to underscore how various factors are generally intertwined in any business market. The question we ought to ask is the need for establishing a relationship with the government when running a business. The manner in which governments relate with the business world has remained debatable for several years, presenting two sides of a coin in which debaters view the advantages and demerits of enhancing such relationships in any setup. This is based on the fact Continue reading

Theories of First Mover and Late Mover Advantages

Business managers find themselves in a dilemma on the best market entry strategy to adopt among the first and late mover strategies when making an entry into a new market. Theoretical and practical investigations and evaluations into the merits and demerits associated with these approaches could help them make informed decisions on the most appropriate market entry strategy for their firms. Among the advantages a business organization is likely to gain with the first mover strategy is a significant occupation of the target market. This can be in terms of resource capitalization and buyer switching costs. Switching costs stem from the financial burden of initial transaction costs, employee training costs, customer learning costs, and the cost of qualifying a new supplier. Theoretically, switching costs facilitate the creation of value and share of the market although it may not translate to higher profits. Another advantage argued on a theoretical framework is Continue reading

Employee Value Proposition (EVP) – Definition and Importance

Employee value proposition (EVP), is the assessment of the relationship between employer and employee. This entails what an employee gets from his or her employer as a reward for work done. The measurement of this relationship defines the position of the company among its competitors. For instance, if employees feel that they receive an equal reward or even more rewards than their work, this implies satisfied employees. Mostly, such companies do not have regular employee turnover, as every employee feels comfortable. The employee value proposition entails a clear description of the real needs and clarification of the job expectations. Both the employer and the employee should be made aware of what to expect from one another. In most cases, the Employee value proposition (EVP) is defined by the employer by defining the unique qualities of the job in question, which would make it most attractive to a competent candidate. Another Continue reading

Relationship Between Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication

The communication process made of  a message being sent and perceived by the others. The message may be verbal or non-verbal. Communication means talking, making friends, interacting with people, having relationships either private life relationships or work related. Communicating with others is essential in leading a normal life. We all communicate in our own way but we need to learn how to do it effectively. Communication has two types, there is verbal communication and non-verbal communication. The verbal is includes oral communication mean that through words and writing. Verbal communication is divided into written and oral communication. The oral communication refers to speaking words in the communication process. Oral communication can be face-to-face communication or a conversation over the phone or on the Messenger chat over the Internet. Spoken conversations or dialogues are affecting by voice modulation, volume and even the speed and clarity of speaking. The Another type of Continue reading

5 Different Types of Budgets in Business

Budgets are integral parts of planning for business and attaining its perceived objectives. Accordingly business activities involving future planning use the budgetary control process. Different types of budgets to serve business purposes are in vogue, but uses of some budgets that are invariably used by businesses are taken up in detailed manner in this write up. 1. Sales Budget Sales budget is an estimate of expected sales revenue for ensuing financial period. Estimates of sales are budgeted on the basis of variety of factors like earlier period sales, production capacities, existing and expected sales environments, economic factors like trade policies of the Governments, seasonal fluctuations, entity’s capacity to create new markets, financing, advertisements and other marketing plans, and many other factors. The cornerstone of budgeting process is the sales budget because the usefulness of entire operating budget depends on it. Some important uses of sales budget are enumerated as under: Continue reading