Barriers in Cross-Cultural Communication

Cultural noise refers to barriers and impediments to successful communication among people of different cultures. Sources of cultural noise are numerous and could be consist of: Difference in language for instance the same words have different meanings in two languages which can creates noise in communication. Dissimilarity in non-verbal cues such as interpretation of body language. Differences in values such as importance of being on time in a culture. Self-reference criterion (SRC) which refers to one’s unconscious reference to one’s own cultural values when attempting to understand another culture. In the process of organizational communication model, fail in communication at any point can happen. Breakdowns occur when the sender fails to influence the receiver in the ways that are intended or when the receiver fails to do the same. The sender may convey the message in a way which is not received. The receiver might decode the message inaccurately, misinterpret Continue reading

Technical Analysis of Stocks

Definition of  Technical Analysis Technical analysis is the process of utilizing past trading information and stock price trends related to a specific security, and then equating those to how other likewise investments have responded throughout history to similar patterns. Further, when a pattern is identified, the investor can predict that the future pricing of the target investment is likely to respond in a similar manner to patterns observed earlier. Technical analysis of stocks assumes that current prices should represent all known information about the markets. Prices not only reflect intrinsic facts, they also represent human emotion and the pervasive mass psychology and mood of the moment. Prices are, in the end, a function of supply and demand. However, on a moment to moment basis, human emotions,fear, greed, panic, hysteria, elation, etc. also dramatically affect prices. Markets may move based upon people’s expectations, not necessarily facts. A market “technician” attempts to Continue reading

Why Integrity, Ethics and Core Values are Necessary in Business?

Today’s business environment faces many problems such as exploitation of resources, fraud, unfair trade practices etc. The basic reasons behind these problems are lack of integrity, ethics and core values in business. Integrity, ethics and core values helps to protect the interest of all stake holders, increase the goodwill of the company, earn more profit and minimize the regulations. So integrity, ethics and core values are essential for the survival of a company. So every organisation should have these qualities. This will bring many advantages to the organisations and will help to increase the trust of society and government in the company. Integrity Integrity  is a concept of  consistency  of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations, and outcomes. In ethics, integrity is regarded as the  honesty  and  truthfulness  or  accuracy  of one’s actions. Integrity can be regarded as the opposite of hypocrisy,  in that it regards internal consistency as a Continue reading

Data Processing Operations

A data processing procedure normally consists of a number of basic processing operations performed in some order (not necessarily the order of their description below). The means of performing the processing operation vary according to whether manual, electro-mechanical, or electronic methods are used. Many business find that the best solution to their processing requirements is to use a combination of methods; e.g., manual may be used for small-volume jobs while computers may be used for large-volume tasks. Recording. Recording refers to the transfer of data onto some form of documents. It relates to the documentation of intermediate figures and facts and resulting from calculations. For example, in computing gross pay, the numbers of hours worked are multiplied by the hourly rate to arrive at gross pay. Gross pay is an intermediate step which is retained temporarily for late use. Verifying. Since recording is usually a manual operation, it is important Continue reading

Business-Government Relationships – Meaning, Advantages, and Disadvantages

The success of any business around the world depends on a wide-range of factors, some of which may be from the internal or external business environment. For this reason, business owners and managers have no option but to try and understand the underlying factors, which are essential in defining the progress and future performance of the business. From the manner in which a firm treats its customers, to its relationship with internal stakeholders, it is necessary to underscore how various factors are generally intertwined in any business market. The question we ought to ask is the need for establishing a relationship with the government when running a business. The manner in which governments relate with the business world has remained debatable for several years, presenting two sides of a coin in which debaters view the advantages and demerits of enhancing such relationships in any setup. This is based on the fact Continue reading

Theories of First Mover and Late Mover Advantages

Business managers find themselves in a dilemma on the best market entry strategy to adopt among the first and late mover strategies when making an entry into a new market. Theoretical and practical investigations and evaluations into the merits and demerits associated with these approaches could help them make informed decisions on the most appropriate market entry strategy for their firms. Among the advantages a business organization is likely to gain with the first mover strategy is a significant occupation of the target market. This can be in terms of resource capitalization and buyer switching costs. Switching costs stem from the financial burden of initial transaction costs, employee training costs, customer learning costs, and the cost of qualifying a new supplier. Theoretically, switching costs facilitate the creation of value and share of the market although it may not translate to higher profits. Another advantage argued on a theoretical framework is Continue reading