Case Study on Entrepreneurship: Larry Page

Business Analysis

The Boundaryless Career: Modern Contemperory Perspective on Career

Human Resource Management

Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

Kaizen – Understanding the Japanese Business Philosophy of Continuous Improvement

Operations Management

Role of Leaders in Shaping Organizational Culture

Management Principles

What is a Debenture?

A debenture is a debt instrument, which is not backed by collateral’s. Debentures are backed by the creditworthiness and reputation of the debenture issuer. Besides, a debenture is a long-term debt instrument issued by governments and big institutions for the purpose of raising funds. The debenture has some similarities with bonds but the terms and conditions of securitization of debentures are different from that of a bond. A debenture is regarded as an unsecured investment because there are no pledges (guarantee) or liens available on particular assets. Nonetheless, a debenture is backed by all the assets which have not been pledged otherwise. Normally, debentures are referred to as freely negotiable debt instruments. The debenture holder functions as a lender to the issuer of the debenture. In return, a specific rate of interest is paid to the debenture holder by the debenture issuer similar to the case of a loan. In Continue reading

Abey Francis

Main Elements of Brand Equity

A brand might be a first image of the product or service to show out to public in the market. Branding is one of differentiation to the company, products or service in the market. Building brand successfully could bring several advantages to companies, such as enhanced the competitive position and reinforce the retailers power. Also can against defending power of company and extend the market share. A major part of building brand is building brand equity to a company. Brand equity is same to “brand valuation” or “brand value”. It is a value to the famous brand name, at the same time, it also have added-value to the brand. Basically it is structure by five basic assets of company — perceived quality, brand awareness, brand associations and brand loyalty. Perceived Quality Perceived quality is one of important element of brand equity. It is not real quality for product or services Continue reading

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Classification and Tabulation of Data in Research

Classification of Data Classification is the way of arranging the data in different classes in order to give a definite form and a coherent structure to the data collected, facilitating their use in the most systematic and effective manner. It is the process of grouping the statistical data under various understandable homogeneous groups for the purpose of convenient interpretation. A uniformity of attributes is the basis criterion for classification; and the grouping of data is made according to similarity. Classification becomes necessary when there is diversity in the data collected for meaningful presentation and analysis. However, in respect of homogeneous presentation of data, classification may be unnecessary. Characteristics of classification of data are; Classification performs homogeneous grouping of data. It brings out points of similarity and dissimilarities. The classification may be either real or imaginary. Classification is flexible to accommodate adjustments. Objectives of classification of data; To group heterogeneous data Continue reading

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Negotiations Between Host Governments and MNEs

Home and host countries evaluate business propositions of  Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) from their points of view. The evaluation relates to size, place, product, price, process, people and partnership related issues. Negotiations are take place between MNEs and host government whenever consensus is not reached on major issues. Here comes the importance of business-government relationships. The business negotiations and diplomacy between companies and governments determine the terms of international business operations. MNEs attitude to Governmental Stipulations Multinational Enterprises (MNEs)  attitude to Governmental Stipulations may be one of complying. This is highly positive. In a hierarchical view of governmental authority, companies accept regulations as ‘givens’, and MNEs comply with. Occasionally they try to circumvent, avoid or repudiate operating because of the regulations. MNEs comply with Government regulations when the regulations don’t unduly constrain their desired mode of operations, when benefits are sufficiently attractive in spite of regulations, and when they cannot practically Continue reading

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Exterior Design Considerations in Retail Store Design

The exterior design of any retail store must protect the interior from the outside elements (heat, dust, humidity, light etc.). Just as  important, it also serves to convey information to potential customers. The  exterior is first part of the store that potential customers see. They will determine  from the outside whether or not they wish to enter and shop. It is critical that the  outside of the store gain the attention of customers and entice them to enter. If the  outside does not reflect an image appropriate to customers, they will not enter into the store. The important exterior design considerations  for the retail store  design are: 1. New Building versus Existing Facility The decision to build a new facility or seek existing space is a critical  element in exterior design planning. Each option has its advantages. Building  allows the retailer to design all aspects of the exterior and interior. Continue reading

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Why is Strategic Planning Important to Small Organizations?

When the future life and well being of a business organisation is pre-planned at the present time using proper projections, strategic planning comes into play. Hence, strategic planning entails some of the steps and procedures which can be put in place in an organisation so that it can experience face lifting in the near or distant future. Each division within a company ought to craft its own strategic plan which will focus on growth and performance. This is necessary because the impressive growth of a business organisation is entirely dependent on laid out plans. Nevertheless, whether in a small or big company, a strategic plan should be in a simplified version which is easy to understand, interpret and implement. Complicated elements in a strategic plan document may not be helpful at all especially when the same is to be implemented. As already mentioned, strategic plan should be in form of Continue reading

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