Short-Term Financing of Multinational Corporations

Financing the working capital requirements of  a multinational companies foreign affiliates poses a complex decision problem.  This complexity stems from the large number of financing options available to the  subsidiary of an MNC. Subsidiaries have access to funds from sister affiliates and  the parent, as well as external sources. This article focuses on developing  policies for borrowing from either within or without the companies when the risk  of exchange rate changes is present and different tax rates and regulations are in  effect. There are four aspects of short-term overseas financing strategy namely; Identifying the key factors, Formulating and evaluating objectives, Describing available short-term borrowing options and Developing a methodology for calculating and comparing the effective after-tax  dollar costs of these alternatives. 1. Identifying Key Factors There are six key factors in short- term financing the MNCs they are deviations of  interest rates, exchange risk, degree of risk aversion, borrowing strategy Continue reading

Factors of Job Evaluation

The criteria for job evaluation is the consideration of various factors,  which analyse a position in relation to the skills and experience  required for competent performance, the demands made on the job  and the overall structure and responsibility/accountability involved. In some cases minor changes to the wording are used to  define factors and levels made in order to better align the job evaluation methodology  with the client’s culture and environment. Where this is done, great care  is taken to ensure inter-organisation consistency is not compromised. The  primary factor in determining compensation is an evaluation of work performed.  The internal worth of a job is evaluated based upon factors like – Know-How,  Problem Solving,  Accountability, Education, Experience, Complexity  involved in the job, Scope of job, Supervision received and Authority  Exercised. Know-How — The knowledge, skill and experience required for  standard acceptable performance. It considers the requirement for  technical and professional skills, Continue reading

Concept of Feasibility Study in Project Management

A feasibility study is an important tool for decision-making in project management. Accurate and  adequate information about the project like technology, location,  production capacity, demand, and impact on existing operations, cost  and benefits to the company, time span for execution, resources needed  should be included in the report. Alternatives if any should also be  suggested. Feasibility Study in Project Management  can be defined as:  “A tool for transforming the initial project- A tool for transforming the initial project-idea into a idea into a specific hypothesis of intervention, through the identification, the specification and the comparison of two or more alternatives directed to achieve the defined objectives, by producing a set of information helping the Project manager  to take the final decision” Market research or demand analysis, technical viability studies, financial or commercial  feasibility studies are other wise known as functional or support studies to aid the  decision-making.  A preliminary feasibility Continue reading

Role of Case Studies in Employee Training and Development

One way to help trainees learn analytical and problem solving skills is by presenting a story (called a case) about people in an organization who are facing a problem or decision. Cases may be faced on actual events involving real people in an organization, or they can be fictional. Business case studies are included in college text books and courses in management, public administration, law, sociology, and similar subjects. They are increasingly available using video and other media. While cases vary in complexity and detail, trainees should be given enough information to analyze the situation and recommend their own solutions. In solving the problem, the trainees are generally required to use a rational problem-solving process that includes the following steps: Restating important facts. Drawing inferences from the facts. Stating the problem or problems. Developing alternative solutions and then stating consequences of each. Determining and supporting a course of action. Proponents Continue reading

Mergers and Amalgamations

The terms merger and amalgamation are used interchangeably as a form of business organization to seek external growth of business. A merger is a combination of two or more firms in which only one firm would survive and the other would cease to exist, its asset/ liabilities being taken over by surviving firm. Amalgamation is an arrangement in which the asset/liability of to or more firm to form a new entity or absorption of one/more firm with another. The out come of this arrangement is that the amalgamating firm is dissolved/wound-up and losses it identity and its shareholders become shareholders of the amalgeted firm. Although the merger/amalgamation of firm in India is governed by he provision of the companies act, 1956, it does not defined this term. The income tax act , 1961, stipulates to pre-requisite for amalgamation through which the amalgeted company seeks to avail the benefit of set Continue reading

Elasticity of Demand – Factors, Types and Importance

Elasticity is a term that was initially developed by known economic scholar called Alfred Marshall, and has been since used in measuring the relationship that exists between product price and its quantity demanded. It typically followed the law of demand that states that the lower the price of goods and services, the higher the quantity that will be demanded of such goods and services i.e. it primarily explains only the actual directions of changes in the demand for the commodity, but not really explaining the extent of that change. A further development on these lapses led to the concept of elasticity of demands. In practical term, elasticity means the act of responsiveness. Meanwhile, elasticity of demand has been theoretically defined as the responsiveness of the actual quantity demanded of a product to the change in its actual price. Elasticity of demand could be defined as the measure of the degree Continue reading