Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

Kaizen – Understanding the Japanese Business Philosophy of Continuous Improvement

Operations Management

Role of Leaders in Shaping Organizational Culture

Management Principles

Organizational Culture – Development and Importance

Management Principles

Five Important Organizational Cultural Models

Management Principles

Double Taxation Relief

One of the major risk in the International Business is the payment of taxes in both the  countries i.e. the country in which the business is actually effected and in the  country where the MNC is having its head office. This type of double taxation  will definitely impede the growth and development of the MNCs in multiple  ways. So the provisions are made to avoid the double taxation (Double Taxation Relief) between the two  countries through two types of relief namely Bilateral Relief and Unilateral  Relief. Bilateral Relief Under this scheme, relief against the burden of double taxation is worked out on  the basis of mutual agreement between two countries. There are two types of  agreements. In one type, the two concerned countries agree that certain incomes  which are likely to be taxed in both countries shall be taxed only in of them or  that each of the two countries Continue reading

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Business Environment Scanning

The Concept of the Environment Philosophically, the environment of a corporation includes all those realities whose existence may effect the corporation directly in any perceptible way. These realities may be sorted out in the following four categories: The “Community” that is made up of all the human begins that inhabit it and all their social organizations of all kinds The “Culture” that is made up of all the constructs of the human mind that affect the behaviour of all these individuals and organizations The “Habitat” that includes all the physical features of this environment The “Product” that includes all things made and services rendered by man Applying the prevailing culture and using and consuming natural features of the habitat and the product of past periods, the entries of the community have an existence and generate goods and services. Operationally, however, there are two main types of business environment: corporate environment Continue reading

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The Need for Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship is the act of being an  entrepreneur, which is a French word meaning “one who undertakes an endeavor”. Entrepreneurs assemble resources including innovations, finance and business acumen in an effort to transform innovations into economic goods. The most obvious form of entrepreneurship is that of starting new  businesses; however, in recent years, the term has been extended to include social and political forms of entrepreneurial activity. The concept of entrepreneurship has a wide range of meanings. On the one extreme an entrepreneur is a person of very high aptitude who pioneers change, possessing characteristics found in only a very small fraction of the population. According to A.H. Cole, “Entrepreneurship is the purposeful activity of an individual or group of associated individuals, undertaken to initiate, maintain or aggrandize profit by production or distribution of economic goods or services”. Entrepreneurship promotes small business in the society. Government has accepted the fact Continue reading

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What is Social Accounting?

Any business accountant of an enterprise or any organisation can describe the conditions of that organisation. Social accounting is that kind of movement by which everyone can analyze the same thing as like a business accountant. The main aim of social accounting is to produce data, indices and other information to help everyone about an organisation. Social accounting is also known in various names. These are social and environmental accounting, corporate social reporting, corporate social responsibility reporting, non-financial reporting or sustainability accounting. This is actually a procedure of communicating in which the social and environmental belongings of organisations (NGO, Charities, may be Government agencies etc.) are included. This is a way by which an organisation can express the level to which it meets its societal or ethical goals. Social accounting is distinct from evaluation in that it is an internally generated process whereby the organisation itself shapes the social accounting Continue reading

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Medias used in Industrial Advertising

While some industrial advertisers use traditional consumer media when  they serve their advertising objectives, their choices generally center on  whether to use print media (business magazines, trade publications, and  industrial directions), direct marketing (direct mail, telemarketing, catalogs, and  data sheets), or some combination thereof. General Business and Trade Publications General business and trade  publications are classified as either horizontal or vertical. Horizontal  publications deal with specific functions, tasks, or technologies and cut across  industry lines. Vertical publications are directed toward a specific industry and  may be read by almost anyone from the person on the assembly line to the  company president. The choice of one or the other, or both, is dictated by the  desire to penetrate a particular industry, reach common influencers across  industries, or optimize the goals of reach and frequency.  General business publications (e.g., Fortune, Business Week, and The Wall  Street Journal) tend to be read by Continue reading

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Important Features of Japanese Management

The culture of Japanese management is generally limited to Japan’s large corporations. These flagships of the Japanese economy provide their workers with excellent salaries and working conditions and secure employment. These companies and their employees represent the business elite of Japan: qualification for employment is limited to the men and the few women who graduate from the top thirty colleges and universities in Japan. Placement and advancement of Japanese workers is heavily based on educational background. The students, who are not admitted to the most highly rated colleges, rarely have the chance to work for a large company; instead, they have to seek positions in small and medium-sized firms that cannot offer comparable benefits and prestige. The quality of one’s education and, more important, the college attended, play a decisive roles in a person’s career. The problem is that few Japanese attend graduate school, and graduate training in business per Continue reading

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