Concepts of Throughput Accounting and Theory of Constraints

Financial Management

Kaizen – Understanding the Japanese Business Philosophy of Continuous Improvement

Operations Management

Role of Leaders in Shaping Organizational Culture

Management Principles

Organizational Culture – Development and Importance

Management Principles

Five Important Organizational Cultural Models

Management Principles

Interpretation of Research Data

Interpretation of research data means drawing inference from the collected facts and computed statistics or test statistics. The task of interpretation has two major aspects; The effort to establish continuity in research through linking the results of given study with those of others, and The establishment of some explanatory concepts. In one sense, interpretation is concerned with relationship within the collected data, partially overlapping analysis. Interpretation also extends beyond the data of the study to include the results of other research, theory and  hypotheses. Thus, interpretation is the devise through which the factors that seem to explain what has been observed by researchers in the course of the study can be better understood and it also provides a theoretical conception which can serve as a guide for further research. Process of Interpretation of Research Data The interpretation of research data  is not an easy job, rather it requires a great Continue reading

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Most Important Strategic Options in Business

Based on a careful analysis of the external and internal business environment and the company’s profile, various strategic options are available for a business.  An analysis of the  external environment of business might involve the use of industry analysis, PEST or an equivalent, and  also Porter’s five force analysis, which would help to identify the opportunities and threats that may  exist for the business.  For the internal analysis a company would carry out a resource audit, examining physical,  human, and financial resources together with intangibles such as brands, patents, etc and  would then look at its value chain as a means of assessing the efficiency and effectiveness  of all aspects of its operation.  Any element of the value chain is capable of adding or  destroying value. The aim of the internal analysis is to identify the company’s strengths and  weaknesses and as a result the company should be able to Continue reading

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Role of the Change Agent In Organizational Development and Change

Change agents are the persons who initiate change and manage change in the organizations. They are specialized   in theory and practice of managing changes. The change agent may be a member of organization or an outsider such as a consultant. An internal agent very well knows the organization and have ability, knowledge and experience of directing people for changes. But, internal agent is removed from regular duties to concentrate on the transition. However, external agents view the organization from the system point of view and is much affected by the organization norms. Top managers also prefer hiring specialized consultant change agents as they can offer more objective prospective than insiders. External experts are, however, not well aware of the desires and attributes of the employees, therefore, the changes suggested by them are generally resisted by the employees. Change agents have five set of powers as support of managers is Continue reading

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Laws statutes applicable to Takeover

Laws applicable to Takeover Clauses 40A and 40B of the listing Agreement the company has entered into with stock exchange. SEBI’s (Substantial Acquisition of shares and Takeover’s) Regulations, 1997. 1.     Takeover and Listing agreement exemption Clauses 40A and 40B of Listing Agreement Clause 40A deals with substantial acquisition of shares and requires the offeror and the offeree to inform the stock exchange when such acquisition results in an increase in the shareholding of the acquirer to more than 10%. Clause 40B deals with takeover efforts. A takeover offer refers to change in management where there is no change in management, Clause 40B of listing agreement will not apply. However, sub clause 13 of amendment of Clause 40B also provides an exemption to the scheme approved by BIFR. There is no provision under clause 40B for exemption of non BIFR companies. 2.     SEBI (Substantial Acquisition of shares Continue reading

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Trade Unions – Definition, Characteristics, Need, Nature and Purpose

Trade Unions prove beneficial for workers, as the main aim of forming this group is to prevent the workers from being exploited by the senior officials. For example, if a worker is unhappy with the pay he is getting he can talk to his co-workers and collectively they can raise their voice to get the pay they deserve. Trade union is even helpful for the management of the firm, as they can know the needs of the worker which helps them know workers better and provide them an environment where they are able to work efficiently and help them to maintain good standards. Decisions are taken through the collective bargaining process and negotiations between employer and unions. The relationship between trade union and employer is called as industrial relations. In general terms, trade unions satisfy their needs through negotiations peacefully, but sometimes other tough actions need to be taken by Continue reading

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Securitization in India – SARFAESI Act, 2002

The Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 or  SARFAESI Act, 2002  allows banks and financial institutions to  auction properties  (residential and commercial) when borrowers fail to  repay their loans.  The Act aims at speedy recovery of defaulting loans and to reduce the mounting levels of Non-performing Assets of banks and financial institutions. As stated in the Act, it has “enabled banks and FIs to realise long-term assets, manage problems of liquidity, asset-liability mismatches and improve recovery by taking possession of securities, sell them and reduce non performing assets (NPAs) by adopting measures for recovery or reconstruction.” The SARFAESI Act, 2002 has been largely perceived as facilitating asset recovery and reconstruction.  The Act has been passed based on the recommendations of Narasimham Committee I and II and Andhyarujina Committee constituted by the Central Government for the purpose of examining banking sector reforms and to Continue reading

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