The Role of Derivatives in the Financial Crisis

Derivative contracts are probabilistic bets on future events, they are securities with a price that are dependent upon or derived from one or more underlying assets. Many people argue that derivatives reduce systemic problems, in that participants who cannot bear certain risks are able to transfer them to stronger hands. These people believe that derivatives act to stabilize the economy, facilitate trade, and eliminate bumps for individual participants. We have now reached the stage where those who work in finance, and many who work outside finance, need to understand how derivatives work, how they are used, and how they are priced. For this reason, derivatives are at the center of everything. However, in 2008 the world witnessed a financial and economic hurricane that left massive financial and economic damages. It was universally recognized as the worst economic crash since the Great Depression. The old saying has it that success has Continue reading

Staffing for Global Operations

Staffing for global operations  is quite a complex affair. It involves activities on a global basis, including candidate selection, assignment terms and documentation, relocation processing and vendor management, immigration processing, cultural and language orientation and training, compensation administration and payroll processing, tax administration, career planning and development, and handling of spouse and dependent matters. In global staffing, companies need to choose from various types of global staff members and need to have specific approaches and strategies to global staffing. Global staff members are selected from among three different types: expatriates, host-country people and third-country nationals. Expatriate is a person who belongs to the country in which the organization is headquartered and not a citizen of the country in which the company operates. A host-country national is a citizen of the country in which the subsidiary company is located. A third-country national is a citizen of a country, but works in Continue reading

Merchant Banking Services: Project Counseling

Project counseling services may be rendered independently or maybe, it relates to project finance and broadly covers the study of the project and offering advisory assistance on the project viability and procedural steps for its implementation broadly including following aspects: Identification of potential investment avenues. A general view of the project ideas or project profiles. Advising on procedural aspects of project implementation. Reviewing the technical feasibility of the project. Selecting Technical consultancy Organization (TCO) for preparing project reports and market survey. Assisting in the preparation of project report. Assisting in obtaining approvals, licenses, grants, foreign collaboration etc., from government Capital structuring. Arranging and negotiating foreign collaborations, amalgamations, mergers and takeovers. Assisting clients in preparing applications for financial assistance to various national and state level institutions banks etc. Providing assistance to entrepreneurs coming to India in seeking approvals from the Government of India. In addition to above, the facility providing guidance Continue reading

Detailed Information About The Gold Standard Exchange Rate System

The Gold Standard (1876 — 1913): The Gold Standard Exchange Rate System is defined as the system of setting currency values whereby the participating countries commit to fix the prices of their domestic currencies in terms of a specified amount of gold. The gold standard as an international monetary system gained acceptance in Western Europe in the 1870s. The United States was something of a latecomer to the system, not officially adopting the standard until 1879. The rules of the game under the Gold Standard Exchange Rate System were clear and simple. Each country set the rate at which its currency (paper or coin) could be converted to a weight of gold. The United States, for example, declared the dollar to be convertible to gold at a rate of $20.67/ounce of gold (a rate in effect until the beginning of World War 1). The British pound was pegged at £4.2474/ounce Continue reading

Introduction to Decision Models

A decision model is an idealized representation of the problem.   Decision model refers to structured presentation of the problem, solution there to and stimulation of working of the solution.   The model’s purpose is to enable the decision analyst to forecast the effect of factors crucial to the solution of the problem. Types of Models There are different types of models.   Ionic and Symbolic models are the prime two types.   Ionic Models are concretized.   It is a physical representation of any real life object on a different scale. Think of a prototype of a plane/car/machine/globe/idol and so on. Symbolic models re abstract models. A cost curve, a supply curve, marginal revenue curve, a production possibility curve, etc., is a symbolic model. A forecast profit and lost account is also a symbolic model. The statement symbolizes summary of financial effects of commercial activities planned over the next Continue reading

Span of Management Types

Span of management directly affects the number of levels in the organization. Span of management is of two types; Wider span of management and Narrow span of management.   Wider span of management leads to flat organization whereas narrow span of management result in tall organization structure. The principle of span of management does not by itself resolve the conflict between the advantages to tall organization and that of a flat one. Narrow spans lead to many levels in the organization and thus required a larger number of managers. This, in turn, leads to larger expenses in the form of executive remuneration. Expenses are further increased on account of additional clerical and office staff needed as a result of there being large number of managers. The process of control also gets complicated when there are narrow spans and too many levels in the organization structure. Another serious problem in having Continue reading