Levels of Strategy

It is believed that strategic decision making is the responsibility of top management. However, it is considered useful to distinguish between the levels of operation of the strategy. Strategy operates at different levels of organization viz-à-viz: Corporate level Business level Functional level There are basically two categories of companies; one, which have different businesses organized as different directions or product groups known as profit centers or strategic business units (SBUs) and other, which consists of companies which are single product companies. Eg. Reliance Industries and Ashok Leyland Limited. The SBU concept was introduced by General Electric Company (GE) of USA to manage product business. The fundamental concept in the SBU is the identification of discrete independent product/market segments served by the organization. Because of the different environments served by each product, a SBU is created for each independent product/segment. Each and every SBU is different from another SBU due to Continue reading

Modes of Strategic Management

Modes of strategic management are the actual kinds of approaches taken by managers in formulating and implementing strategies. They address the issues of who has the major influence in the strategic management process and how the process is carried out. Research indicates that managers tend to use one of three major approaches to, or modes of strategic management: entrepreneurial, adaptive, and planning. The mode selected is likely to influence the degree of innovation that occurs within the organization. Innovation is particularly important in the context of strategic management, because organizations that do not continually incorporate new ideas are likely to fail behind competitively, particularly when the environment is changing rapidly. 1. Entrepreneurial Mode “Entrepreneurial mode is an approach in which strategy is formulated mainly by a strong visionary chief executive who actively searches for new opportunities, is heavily oriented toward growth, and is willing to make bold strategies rapidly” (Management, Continue reading

Development of Bank Payment Systems

As there is no single recipe for effective development of a national payment system, countries undergoing a reform process are frequently faced with questions relating to issues such as involvement and initiative for development of national payment systems, infrastructures needed and the supporting institutional arrangements, areas of priorities and so on. In order to give the necessary assistance and advice on the planning and implementation of reforms in national payment systems to the concerned authorities, the Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems (CPSS) has brought out a Report on Payment Systems Development (final Report in Jan 2006). The Report underlines that payment system development is a complex process that should be principally needs-based, not technology-based. Payment system reforms depend on parallel development of the banking system, institutional arrangements for payment services and payment infrastructures, and should therefore be a cooperative effort among the banking sector, regulatory agencies and other relevant Continue reading

Investing in Bitcoin: Strategies for Success in the Cryptocurrency Market

Introduction Welcome to a comprehensive guide on investing in Bitcoin, an innovative digital currency that has gained significant popularity in recent years. In this article, we will explore various aspects of Bitcoin investment, including its history, benefits, risks, and effective strategies to maximize your returns. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced investor, this guide aims to provide valuable insights that can help you navigate the dynamic and exciting world of Bitcoin. Start using Tesler platform to efficiently invest and trade in Bitcoin. What is Bitcoin? Bitcoin, created in 2009 by an anonymous person or group of people using the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto, is the world’s first decentralized digital currency. It operates on a technology called blockchain, which enables secure and transparent transactions without the need for intermediaries like banks or governments. Bitcoin’s decentralized nature and limited supply make it an attractive investment option for many. The Rise of Continue reading

An Introduction to Branding

The term brand means different things to the different roles of buyer and seller, with buyers generally associating brand with a product or service, and merchants associating brand with identity. Brand can also identify the company behind the specific product — that’s not just a biscuit, that’s Britannia biscuit. This use of brand puts a “face” behind the name, so to speak, even if the “face” is the result of advertising copy and television commercials. This use of brand also says nothing of quality, just the buyer’s exposure to the brand’s PR and media hype. For the typical merchant, branding is a way of taking everything that is good about the company — positive shopping experience, professionalism, superior service, product knowledge, whatever the company decides is important for a customer to believe about the company — and wrapping these characteristics into a package that can be evoked by the brand Continue reading

Role and Functions of Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

The Reserve Bank of India is the central bank of India, was established on April 1, 1935 during the British-Raj in accordance with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. The Reserve Bank of India was set up on the recommendations of the Hilton Young Commission. The commission submitted its report in the year 1926, though the bank was not set up for nine years. The Central Office of the Reserve Bank was initially established in Kolkata, Bengal, but was permanently moved to Mumbai in 1937. Though originally privately owned, the RBI has been fully owned by the Government of India since nationalization in 1949. The Preamble of the Reserve Bank of India describes the basic functions of the Reserve Bank as to regulate the issue of Bank Notes and keeping of reserves with a view to securing monetary stability in India and generally to operate the Continue reading