The Benefits of a Single Currency System – Euro

The euro is the result of the most significant monetary reform in Europe since the Roman  Empire. Although the euro can be seen simply as a mechanism for perfecting the Single  European Market, facilitating free trade among the members of the Euro-zone, it is also  regarded by its founders as a key part of the project of European political integration. The euro is administered by the European System of Central Banks (ESCB), composed of the  European Central Bank (ECB) and the Euro-zone central banks operating in member states.  The ECB (headquartered in Frankfurt am Main, Germany) has sole authority to set monetary  policy; the other members of the ESCB participate in the printing, minting and distribution of  notes and coins, and the operation of the Euro-zone payment system. The introduction of a single currency for many separate countries presents a number of  advantages and disadvantages for the participating nations. 1. Continue reading

Centralized Cash Management Operations of Multinational Corporations

International money managers attempt to attain on a worldwide basis the traditional  domestic objectives of cash management: (1) bringing the company’s cash resources  within control as quickly and efficiently as possible and (2) achieving the optimum  conservation and utilization of these funds. Accomplishing the first goal requires establishing accurate, timely forecasting and  reporting systems, improving cash collections and disbursements, and decreasing the  cost of moving funds among affiliates. The second objective is achieved by  minimizing the required level of cash balances, making money available when and  where it is needed, and increasing the risk-adjusted return on those funds that can be  invested. Restrictions and typical currency controls imposed by governments inhibit  cash movements across national boundaries. These restrictions are different from one  country to other. Managers require lot of foresight, planning, and anticipation. Other  complicating factors in international money management include multiple tax  jurisdictions, multiple currencies, and relative absence of Continue reading

Benefits of Work-Life Balance

Work-Life Balance doesn’t necessarily mean fewer hours at work. It is about people feeling satisfied by having an extent of control over how, when and where they work, how they can manage their time and stuffs they want and need to do. This balance is achieved when an individual’s right to a fulfilled life inside and outside paid work is accepted and respected as a norm, to the mutual benefit of the individual, business and society. The key aspect of work-life balance only from an employer’s viewpoint is numerous. They are of importance because providing an employee with a balanced work-life existence is for the employer and employee. For an example, if the employee is satisfied and happy, the whole exercise must make business sense to the enterprise. In 21st century, life is increasingly difficult with people managing multiple roles. Therefore, they will only stay with a job that offers Continue reading

Need for Creative Advertising

Most brands in the same category deliver more or less the same functional benefits and answer the same needs of the consumers. With so many products on the market having the same function, the only way to position a product, service, or company differently from anything else in the same category is through creative development in advertising. Today traditional advertising is losing its sheen. The biggest problem with traditional media is that consumers today have lots of choice for ad avoidance. The fragmentation is very high and there is very less scope of customized message for all. The Indian consumer has changed if we focus on this issue there is a lot more on the menu to choose from. Now the message unlike the past is no longer a one way process. But public opinion is far more mobilized, they have immediate platform for expression. The expert believes that the Continue reading

What is Debit Card?

A debit card is a plastic card that provides an alternative payment method to cash when making purchases. Functionally, it can be called an electronic check, as the funds are withdrawn directly from either the bank account or  from  the  remaining  balance  on  the  card.  In  some  cases,  the debit cards  are designed exclusively for use on the Internet, and  so there is no physical  card. In many countries the use of debit cards has become so widespread that their  volume of use has overtaken or entirely replaced the check and, in some instances cash transactions. Like credit cards, debit cards are used widely for telephone and Internet purchases and unlike the credit cards, the funds are transferred immediately from the  bearer’s bank account instead of having the bearer pay back the money at a later date. Debit  cards  may  also  allow  for  instant  withdrawal  of  cash,  acting  as the Continue reading

Meaning of Hypothesis and Procedure for its Testing

Meaning of Hypothesis A hypothesis is an assumption about relations between variables. It is a tentative explanation of the research problem or a guess about the research outcome. Before starting the research, the researcher has a rather general, diffused, even confused notion of the problem. It may take long time for the researcher to say what questions he had been seeking answers to. Hence, an adequate statement about the research problem is very important. What is a good problem statement? It is an interrogative statement that asks: what relationship exists between two or more variables? It then further asks questions like: Is A related to B or not? How are A and B related to C? Is a related to B under conditions X and Y? Proposing a statement pertaining to relationship between A and B is called a hypothesis. The hypothesis is outlined as following: “Hypotheses square measure single Continue reading